Science , Magic and Witchcraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Science , Magic and Witchcraft - Essay Example There are a few normal or explicit components of a religion: the individual is intently regulated by the heavenliness, God knows all the great and terrible deeds and at long last He grants or not the man, the Judgment day, the restoration of the passings, the faith in some saints,(Christianity, Islamism, Judaism), the rank framework, the reincarnation(Hinduism), the blessedness of man or lady and of all the world around us(Animism) .These principles or feelings may have an alternate reverberation in a man's brain. He may attempt to observe this arrangement of laws , to make just great around him or he might be defiant, he may try to live after his shows, and perhaps at long last he will leave the individual strict framework. The other outrageous is the point at which a devotee may stand by just the assistance of the holy people , without acting without anyone else. For this situation we talk about a bogus objective throughout everyday life. There are situations when a faith in a pers on or thing is confounded and it prompts clashes between societies(for model the fear based oppressor assaults or the impedance of various nations in the political, strict, regulatory frameworks of different ones). Hinduism is maybe the framework that influences most an individual or the general public. For this situation the creating might be difficult to accomplish. This conviction has in its middle the station framework and the resurrection. In this way, a skilled of this religion may battle to carry out just beneficial things, to raise , profoundly talking , yet he will consistently have the blemish of his position, which is the most significant quality of an individual. This kind of conviction influences a great deal the general public( individuals are not allowed to live as indicated by their forces, relationships are masterminded and so forth.) Animism proclaims that the human has soul that has life separated the body, when the death(the spirits leave the human body during dreams or raise to sky in the afterlife). Hindus accept that spirits go all over, and that they are defined in an order. Apparitions are supposed to be the spirits that frequents the livings. Apparitions have semi-corporal structures or may take various appearances. Imbedded, these definitions show the distinction between a spirit and a phantom. The last is the despondent or the unsatisfied soul that can't leave this world and it is frequenting between the profound and the material world. Spirits change into apparitions particularly when a person is killed or endures a foul play. The apparition is the fretful soul that looks to make equity after the passing. The significant strict frameworks have in their inside the godlikeness seen as a male: Judaism and Christianity acclaim God and Jesus and Islamism pays tribute to Allah and Mohammad. These are monotheistic religions. Animism and Hinduism are polytheistic religions with god or goddesses. On account of the monotheistic ones it is essential to perceive how man and lady are dealt with. On account of Muslims is known the way that they treat lady in a negative manner. On the paper she has numerous rights, yet practically speaking quite a bit of those rights are overlooked. In this way, she has the to a vocation , however by and large she remains at home with the kids or on the off chance that she has a vocation she is mindfully administered by a family member. She should not have relations with other men or dress provocatively. On the off chance that they separate from their better half takes the children(this is a questionable thing, since this is seen by different societies as a method o f controlling ladies). Obviously a portion of these standards are found in different religions , yet here are progressively serious and with genuine rebuffs. The Christianity additionally says

Perspectives on Social Psychology of Creativity †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Perspectives on Social Psychology of Creativity. Answer: Presentation The contemporary business world today is tied in with making answers for issues. Taking a Design Thinking course is an interesting learning experience for me since it tells me the best way to create thoughts through creatity(Barringer Ireland, 2016). Its reasonable methodology is an open door for me to hone my own and expert aptitudes. Fitness in configuration process begins with the ideation procedure. It isn't sufficient to find out about DT on the grounds that applied plan thinking includes more worth. In any case, the way toward creating thoughts is methodical and utilizes procedures. Through this procedure, I have figured out how to move toward imagination from an alternate point of polished methodology, collaboration and result situated reasoning. This report depicts this learning procedure of thinking and learning with recommendations for additional expert improvement ( Blog post #3 August 16 2017). Prior to this course, I used to believe that innovativeness is a workmanship subject that involves gifted perfomances, masterful drawings, style, and model. I had no clue that everybody can communicate imagination through the psyche. Actually, I considered myself to be a logical individual that was not so much imaginative. Be that as it may, DT has caused me to understand my inward qualities through reasoning ( blog entry # 1 30 July 2017). It is stunning how the universe of reasoning can bring forth various extraordinary thoughts. I feel roused by the way that advancement initiates enterprise since I have a business mind as a person(Liedtka Ogilvie, 2011). The gathering workshops have revealed this realities in a stunning manner. Critical thinking versus issue discovering (Blog post #4 August 25 2017) I am a visual individual and I frequently channel this inventiveness to my online life page. In any case, this course has taugt me how to utilize sites for sharing genuine thoughts that others can understand(Shresta, 2017). I used to take photographs and post on Instagram and Facebook for no reason in particular. This has changed in light of the fact that now I create pictures through perception, brainstoring and detecting the self-evident. Utilizing configuration figuring tehcniques I can make a winding of many thoughts through one single idea. I think that its astounding that discovering one arrangement prompts the revelation of another. It is simpler to make quality thoughts now due to the representation, venture mapping, mind mapping, and conceptualizing forms. These characterize what the thought is made of and its other options. I am a principled individual and it was an alleviation to discover that a fashioner is somebody with values. My engaged is to utilize my visual depiction aptitudes to make an item that is speaking to the client. I have at the top of the priority list an arrangement on the best way to do this through psyche mapping thoughts and interviews from my group and experts in the field ( blog entry #5 27 August 2017) . As I keep talkin about the thought, I get new bits of knowledge. I alighn myself with the opportune individuals so as to construct the correct attitude. Consistently, I need an improvement so I scrutinize through statements for motivation. This permits me to catch up on my thought and plan. Being explanatory, inventive and sensible is significant in light of the fact that individuals have various thoughts. I understood that when offering one plan to one individual, I frequently pick another thought from them. I am liberal so I conceptualize on new thoughts for alternate points of view. As a disparate mastermind, I have thoughts that stream unreservedly. Be that as it may, I have to channel them into a direct structure through merged reasoning strategies. Proficient turn of events While doing my exploration on configuration thinking, I understood that professionnal preparing programs are currently offering innovative tinking as a proceeding with instruction for proficient development(Harvard University, 2017). Such course advantage pioneers, business strategiest andcreative masterminds in business. I used to wonder about different people groups thoughts particularly in the realm of advancement. I would take a gander at various vehicle models and marvel how somebody would think of a thought like the BMW X6 arrangement. It would appear that a plane, has incredible execution yet works on street systems. Mechanical advancements like Facebook, the TV, and cell phones are simply strange. Presently I know how these come about in light of the fact that imagination impacts all enterprises in item and services(Glen, Suciu, Baugh, Anson, 2015). Finding out about idea advancement is significant in light of the fact that it empowers me to make a story that is not the same as others for a competitve edge. From individual research, I can confrim tha business associations tackle their difficulties through creativity(Sekeran Bougie, 2013). In spite of the fact that I presently realize how to imagine and cerebrums took torm, I likewise need to prepare myself on the best way to use configuration thinking standards, for example, prototypying, research and co-creation. This procedure instructs me to recognize what works and what doesn't. The present reality is taking care of business issues through creativity(Hull, 2013). So as to satisfy my crucial, need an arrangement on the most proficient method to get my thought into the market. The plan thinking process encourages for research, exchange and worth upgrade. It gives me a basic guide on the best way to begin and progress to the dispatch. The following is an arrangement on how I mean. Be that as it may, for an expertly demonstrated methodology, I decide to execute Liedtka Ogilvie (2011) equation of ten devices for structuring development in stages. I despite everything have difficulties settng definite courses of events however the arrangement covers a six months time frame. Innovative Thinking Technique Standard Assignment Representation Idea advancement Meaning of the thought Mindmapping Worth Chain Analysis Drafting thoughts utilizing maps Story boarding Prototyping Drawing grouping thoughts Conceptualizing Co-creation Making counsels Research Presumption Testing Dissecting precise thoughts To begin, I have to keep my thoughts straightforward. I am mindful that my prosperity exclusively relies upon my capacity to separate data into improved thoughts. My preferred methods for this procedure are storyboarding and the utilization of photos as found in my online journals (blog # 1 July 30 2017). This is the utilization of symbolism or realistic encounters as portrayal of an item or administration. Its emphasis is on the advantages to the end client. My thought is to do an appraisal of the client experience at that point create a thought from that. I will place into utilization the realistic introduction of thoughts in banners in view of the client. This will take a methodical procedure of excursion mapping that distinguishes a procedure for the work routine. I figured out how to do this during workshops. At this stage, esteem creation is significant on the grounds that the client is at the focal point of the thought age. My concept of critical thinking is to distinguish holes and difficulties in unique thoughts. This makes a less complex structure for venture mapping. Utilizing my experience in investigate, I expect to make bright topics and meetings that portray the process(Mind Maps Unleashed, 2017). Worth Chain Analysis I see a worth chain investigation as basic in the improvement of a business thought in light of the fact that the cutting edge shopper discovers inspiration in esteem. In the event that I am to prevail in business, my concentration in configuration thinking ought to be on delivering items that have any kind of effect. One method of adding esteem is to cross check the expense and advantage factors revenue driven edges at each phase of the thought development(Davila, Epstein, Shelton, 2012). I have just done some foundation inquire about utilizing four mental conditions of dissimilar reasoning, merged reasoning, investigation, and union (blog # 3 16 August 2017). Pondering some the business esteem organize recognizes upper hand as a motivation. Organizations stand apart in view of their business thoughts. A similar report between mainstream brands and fledglings uncovers fascinating models planned as vital thoughts (van der Heijden, 2011). From this I understand that I ought not restrict my plans to items and administrations as it were. Rather, I ought to likewise value the estimation of thoughts as stategic answers for business challenges ( blog #5 25 August 2017). This strategy distinguishes options by acknowledging th job of contenders. In all undertakings, look into based plan believing is gainful. In my arrangement, I have as a primary concern an assortment of speculations with ideas of what I need to structure. I like to utilize a deliberate methodology since it has demonstrated record of disappointment analyses and victories. Gaining from past slip-ups requires the utilization of subjective and amounts reasonings in the hypothesis(Zott, Amit, Massa, 2011). In my fifth blog of August 2017, I give proof of excursion mapping and psyche mapping instruments which are basic in idea advancement. Directly, I am anticipating how to discover assets for this stage since I comprehend its cost ramifications. In the middle of the activities improvement stage is the sourcing of information from interviews, center gatherings and customers. Right now, I hold the presumption that examination gives answers to probably the most confounded thoughts and difficulties. Nonetheless, I can't deny the way that the web has undermined information that isn't dependable. As of late, I ran over a YouTube page that had an intriguing video of how to build up an item. I later saw that the maker was not equipped enough. I made plans to test all suspicions that I have about an item or shopper need. I am aware of brands, which have flopped in business in light of planning items that the buyer doesn't discover useful(Jihee, 2017). Quick Prototyping In my arranged plan, I fuse style in the structure. This is as significant as execution since individuals are visual first, before they can acknowledge the helpfulness of items. I gain so much from innovation planners who keep on growing new PC gadgets like iPads and workstations utilizing smooth structures. Prototyping joins the plan hypothesis with rationale thinking of what the structure is about and how its structure happens(Li

Examples of APA Research Paper

Examples of APA Research PaperThere are many different types of research papers and the examples of apa research paper will be provided below to help with understanding the different types of papers that can be included within the process. The goal of an example of a research paper is to provide students and adults who may be making use of the examples of apa research paper with a basic understanding of the different types of papers that are used within the process. In particular, this article is written for those students who are first starting to learn about the research process and what it entails and will provide a basic overview of the various types of research that can be conducted.The examples of apa research paper will be provided below and will include both a sample and a summary of the different types of research papers that can be used throughout the process. One of the most basic types of research papers that can be used is the B-cycle, which has two main components. This type of paper contains information that contains both the B-cycle and the summary of the research.The B-cycle is divided into three components, which are the B-cycle and also the B-cycle summary. The B-cycle summary are separated by a single paragraph. The third component in the B-cycle is where the summary is contained. The B-cycle is divided into four main components.The B-cycle is broken down into three components, which are the B-cycle and also the B-cycle summary. The B-cycle summary are separated by a single paragraph. The summary consists of the entire research paper and the authors name and the date.The data is separated into two separate sections. In the first section, the researcher will provide their contact information, the purpose of the paper, as well as the research methods that they utilized. In the second section, the researcher will present their findings. This section consists of the research and also the method that was used.The original research is divided into two sections. In the first section, the author provides the title of the paper and the author's name. In the second section, the author provides the title of the paper and the abstract of the paper. Finally, the second section includes the acknowledgments.The findings are broken down into a sub-section. In the first section, the main result is presented and the author gives their name and the date. In the second section, the main results and the methodology are presented and the author provides their name and the date.The examples of apa research paper will be discussed in more detail below. A sample of the second type of paper can be found on the right hand side of the page.

A Brief Biography of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela - 902 Words

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in Mveso, Transkei, South Africa. Nelson Mandela became actively involved in the anti-apartheid kineticism in his 20s, and then joined the African National Congress in 1942. He directed a campaign of placid, nonviolent disobedience against the South African regime and its racist policies. Nelson accommodated as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. NelsonMandela is one of the greatest moral and political leaders of our time. Nelson Mandelas childhood and education were of great importance to his career. Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, into a royal family of the Xhosa-verbalizing Thembu tribe in the South African village of Mvezo, where his father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa (c. 1880-1928), accommodated as chief. Nelson Mandelas mother, Nosekeni Fanny, was the third of Mphakanyiswa’s four wives, who together bore him nine daughters and four sons. Postmortem of his father in 1927, 9-year-old Mandela—then kenned by his birth denomination, a high ranking Thembu regent commenced grooming Rolihlahlas puerile ward for a role within the tribal leadership. Nelson was the first in his family to receive a formal inculcation. He consummated his primary studies at a local missionary school. There, a pedagogia dubbed him Nelson as a component of a prevalent applies of giving African students English denominations. He then attended the Clarkebury Boarding Institute and after that Healdtown, a Meth odist secondaryShow MoreRelatedEssay about Nelson Mandela’s Childhood Defined His Identity3002 Words   |  13 PagesThe life of Nelson Mandela is an interesting example of this ideology. In his case, the connection between childhood and life is special and goes even further than the first instinctive connections that often come to mind. When one examines the interesting details the childhood of Nelson Mandela, one is compelled to conclude that Nelson’s Mandela childhood environment fashioned his politics. In order to understand fully how the childhood environment of Nelson Mandela fashioned hisRead MoreNelson Mandelas Leadership4907 Words   |  20 PagesMANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TITLE PAGE CAUCASUS UNIVERSITY CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS COURSE TITLE: Developing effective leadership skills COURSE CODE: MGS-3211 INSTRUCTOR: Dara Ahmed GROUP PRESENTATION: N1 PRESENTATION TITLE: NELSON MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP GROUP MEMBERS: Tamar Geladze DATE: 6th of June, 2012 12 Page 2 NELOSN MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE PAGE...........................................................................

Gay Dance Clubs Essay example - 4299 Words

The dance club is no longer an exclusive venue drawing together people with similar musical interests. Instead, it has become the commercialized superclub, where profit rather than music is the bottom line. As a space traditionally influenced by homosexuals becomes a major business opportunity, this commercialization has led to the inclusion of gay subcultures within mainstream American society. However, this process has served to reinforce social stigma and stereotypes. The advertising and club environment designed to â€Å"sell† the experience to the gay customer is founded on the overtly sexual club culture of the 1970s and early 80s. On the dance floor the constructed image of the club combines with the inherent sexual and mind-altering†¦show more content†¦In many clubs, the underground days of clubbing past have been replaced with the homogenized superclubs of the present: gigantic, multi-floored venues attracting thousands to listen to the music-makers spin. Go ne too are the days of exclusivity. As club culture has been mainstreamed, entrepreneurs have found the â€Å"new sound† not only revolutionary, but also profitable. Promoters and planners such as gay-circuit guru John Blair offer free membership cards and litter the streets with flyers offering discounts when shown at the door. In the world of the superclub, capitalism and profits shape dance culture. With the popularizing of club culture has come an equal mainstreaming of its components. As Fiona Buckland discusses in her book Impossible Dance: Club Culture and Queer World Making, â€Å"the music of today’s clubs such as garage, hard-house and Hi-NRG imply a historical continuity with gay parties of the 1970s with deep roots in disco† (2002, p. 67). Gay and black influences were a basic part of disco music, explored in Bernard Weinraub’s article â€Å"Here’s to Disco, It Never Could Say Goodbye.† The heritage that once put the music at odds with the more â€Å"straight-white-male† sensibility of the contemporary rock music of the era (Weinraub, 2002) is today a basic piece of the dance scene for straight and gay audiences alike. Now that club culture has become a commodity in the superclub, bought and sold by promoters and club owners,Show MoreRelatedI Am A Same Sex Club1033 Words   |  5 Pagescarry out was attend a same sex club with a same sex friend and to dance. On September 7, 2015 Emily and I, did just that. Emily my heterosexual best friend has an open mind towards new experiences, so I thoughts she would be a perfect candidate. She and I both feel that every human being deserves equality regardless of sex, sexual orientation, identity, or race. When I told Emily about the assignment she was thrilled to be a part of an eye opening experience. The club Emily and I attended was theRead MoreLgbt Diversity And The Lgbt Community1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s society the issues and rights of the LGBT community are very prominent and is a major topic of discussion within politics. LGBT which stands for (Lesbians, Gays, Bisexual, and Trans) encompasses all of those who fall under those categories and those who support the community as well. With the legalization of gay marriage in all 50 states by the U.S Supreme Court the LGBT community is making milestones when it comes to having the same rights as heterosexual couples. With its growing presenceRead MoreIs Dance Music a Subculture or Has it Now Become a Culture in its Own Right?967 Words   |  4 Pages Is Dance Music a Subculture or Has it Now Become a Culture in its Own Right? Classically subcultures define themselves as other and subordinate to the dominant culture. Many cultural theorists such as Stuart Hall and Dick Hebdige have been chiefly concerned with the ways in which subcultures subvert and pose a resistance to the established order through their expressive dress codes and rituals. Dance music seems to depart from these theories of youth cultureRead MoreWhy Are Both Public and Private Interests within Cities Becoming Increasingly Supporting of Creating a Gay Space?1026 Words   |  5 Pagesare both public and private interests within cities becoming increasingly supportive of the creation of â€Å"gay space†? Based on the public interest, â€Å"gay space† is important to support creative and high-tech industries. San Francisco, Washington, and San Diego, are all designed as high-tech areas in United States. According to Harvard University economist Edward Glaeser’s statistical analysis, gay workers do a better job than heterosexual (?) individual (Gates Florida, 2002). Thus, creating diversityRead MoreThe story of Tony Manero Essay1886 Words   |  8 Pagesdisco found a strong audience with the gay community. Gay-oriented bathhouses like New York’s Continental Baths were some of the first venues where disco tracks were spun. With this growing popularity, disco became more than a genre; it generated its own lifestyle. While disco music manifested itself in the heart of this growing lifestyle, it can be explored through â€Å"kinds of dancing, club, fashion, film-in a word, a certain sensibility, manifest in music, clubs and so forth, historically and culturallyR ead MoreMy Experience With Formal Training1504 Words   |  7 Pagesthat much. We didn’t do any dances native to our heritage of Ireland, Scotland, Germany, Italy, and France. Even though there are many rich dances from each of these cultures, my family never partook in them aside from the occasional funky chicken at weddings and parties, but even then we weren’t much into dancing. I never thought about formal training in dance when I was little either. It wasn’t until much later when I found my way into dance. My introduction into dance was less through my familyRead MoreClubbing Culture1415 Words   |  6 PagesCLUBBING CULTURE Nowadays, night clubs are very famous in all over the world especially among teenagers. There is a night club in every part of the country. Today, teenagers prefer to hang out in a pub or a night club rather than just go to the cinema and chill out in a cafà © with their friends. Recently, partying at a club is regarded as a hobby for the rich. For example, the Hollywood famous jet set people; Paris Hilton and Nichole Ritchie. They go to the club almost every night. Clubbing alsoRead MoreThe Art Of Drag And Female Impersonation1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ) communities. In New York City during the 1950’s, the LGBTQ communities embraced drag, and female impersonation in underground competitions and celebrations called balls. Here gay men and transgender people would dress in elaborate costumes, and couture outfits in order to live fantasies of superstardom, to win locally renowned titles such as: Butch queen, Realness, or Eleg anza. Until the 1980’s, drag remained an underground â€Å"gay† performanceRead MoreEssay on The History and Context of Club Culture1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe History and Context of Club Culture History is hard to know because of all the hired bullshit, but even without being sure of history it seems entirely reasonable that every now and then the energy of a whole generation comes to a head in a long fine flash, for reasons that nobody really understands at the time, and which never explain, in retrospect, what really happened (Hunter.S.Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas) The late 1980s sawRead MoreDrug Use Among Young Adults1017 Words   |  5 PagesClub Drug Use Among Young Adults The terrifying level according to which drug misuse has turned into a part of daily life for hundreds of thousands of youngsters has been a topic of interest among many scholars. Many youths often begin familiarizing with drugs at an age as early as 11 years. By the age of 16, almost one in ten boys is habitually engaging in drugs, comprising heroin and cocaine with the figures for girls nearly as high, rendering to a ground-breaking research. The study Typology

Stephen Fuller Austin A Texan Hero - 1400 Words

Stephen Fuller Austin: A Texas Hero (1793-1836) It was November 3rd, 1793 in Wythe County, Virginia when Stephen Fuller Austin, son of Moses Austin, known as The Father of Texas was born. Austin attended school in Connecticut as a child and graduated from Transylvania University in Kentucky. In 1813, Austin was elected to the Legislature of Missouri and was reelected to that same position for three years until he moved to Arkansas. He was chosen as judge of the judicial district of Arkansas. He planned to go to Louisiana to study law, but decided to join his father in his journey. On a journey to Missouri, Austin s father was struck with a pneumonia. When†¦show more content†¦However at the same time, he imposed a fee that permitted the Baron de Bastrop to charge one hundred twenty-seven dollars per four thousand four hundred and twenty-eight acres of land. Austin made a meeting with Bastrop to divide the fee amongst the two of them. Peace between state and federal authorities was necessary for the success of the colonies. He opposed the efforts and defeated the hopes of Haden Edwards bringing colonists into the Fredonian Rebellion and led the militia from Brazos and Colorado to help Mexican troops in taking it down. By 1830, Austin s variety of colonies consisted of sixteen thousand people, and other, less successful, had recruited many, many more. It became much harder for Austin to restore his leadership to them. However, the quick development of the colonies, along with efforts of the United States to buy Texas, increased the nerves and anxiety of Mexican leaders. Their tries to attempt to safeguard the territory by stopping immigration continued conflict and led to revolution and independence. The Law of April 6, 1830, incorporated the Mexican policy of stopping further colonization of Texas by settlers from the United States. By intelligent and a bit unpleasant interpretation, Austin ensured exemption andShow MoreRelatedMoving West : The Western Frontier Essay2220 Words   |  9 PagesSettlement in Texas Stephen Fuller Austin Empresario He was a land developer He convinced mexican gov’t that he could create a buffer on the north frontier between Comanches and Mexican settlements Tejanos = Hispanics Anglos or Texians = White settlers The Texas War For Independence Mexicans worried about behavior of Americans living in tx Outlawed any more immigration from US Santa anna imprisoned in Austin 1834 When he was released 18 mnths later, austin told texas to revolt 1835 Texans did what Austin

Scalability Problem of the Bitcoin Technology-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the scalability problem of the bitcoin technology. Answer: Introduction The Bitcoin payment act as a platform for virtual currency over the internet. The lightning network is a decentralized system for high-volume micropayments for removing the risk of delegating custody of funds to the third party. However, there are various problems with this technology including scalability problem. This report deals with identifying problems in the Bitcoin technology. The scalability problem of Bitcoin technology has been described in the report. This report outlines the solution to scalability problem of Bitcoin technology. Lightning Network has been described in the report as the solution of scalability problem prevailing in Bitcoin technology. Bitcoin Block chain Scalability Problem The Bitcoin acts as a payment platform for world currency transactions. However, each node of bitcoin network knows every single transaction globally that helps in encompassing network for global currency transaction (Seigneur, D'Hautefort Ballocchi, 2017). The payment using Visa is approx. 45,000 peak transaction per second on a network. However, bitcoin allows 7 transactions per second with a 1-megabyte block limit. On an average of 300 bytes per bitcoin transaction for unlimited block size, it is equal to peak Visa transaction volume of 45000/tps and nearly to 8 gigabytes per bitcoin block (Roos et al., 2017). For achieving higher than 45,000 transactions per second using Bitcoin, conduction transaction off the bitcoin is required. Different micropayments are sent parallel between two parties for enabling any size of payments. Bitcoin has to resolve the issue related to block size centralization affects containing large blocks implicitly and creating trusted custodians for higher fees (Croman et al., 2016). A network of micropayment channels can solve scalability Recently, bitcoin has dominated to micropayments for implementing offloading transaction to a custodian. The third party custodians hold coins and update user balance by allowing deposits and withdrawals (Poon Dryja, 2015). Currently, the bitcoin services are using custodian model for native bitcoin to scale to billions of users. Therefore, a system has been proposed for a transaction in Bitcoin in micropayment channels without custodial risk of theft (Eberhardt Tai, 2017). Micropayment channels create a relationship between two opted parties. A large network of channel all bitcoin users are included in the graph that has only one channel in bitcoin blockchain (Poon Dryja, 2015). This helps in creating near infinite amount of transaction inside the network. Hashedlocked Bidirectional Micropayment Channels Micropayment channels help in permitting deferral transaction rate or broadcasting of time. The contracts that are enforced by developing responsibility for a single party for the broadcasting transaction before a deadline (Lin Liao, 2017). When block chain is decentralized, time stamping system using of clocks as an element for decentralizing consensus detaining validity of data. Chaining together of micropayment channels help in creating transaction oaths. These paths can be routed by using a BGP like a system (Lind et al., 2017). Hashed Timelock Contract (HTLC) An HTLC can be opened by building a transaction output that can only the final recipient is able to redeem. The recipient generates random information R and hashes R using hash for producing H (Croman et al., 2016). However, information is provided to a receiver to a sender of funds including bitcoin address of the recipient. After receiving updated transaction in micropayment channel, a recipient may select for redeeming transaction by approaching random data R. A contract is created by using this output script: OP_DEPTH 3 OP_EQUAL OP_IF OP_HASH160 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_0 2 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIG OP_ELSE OP_0 2 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIG OP_END The result is accomplished with hash and the first signature of the parties are provided excluding both parties second signature (Burchert, Decker Wattenhofer, 2017). After that, two sets of keys from among participants are used for enforcing ability for broadcasting under lock time transaction. The Settlement Transaction is used by a Settlement Delivery Transaction (SD) that helps recipient in event input R can be produced on contractual basis (Engelmann et al., 2017). Figure 1: Transaction channel and signatures (Source: Eyal et al., 2016) Closing out a channel When both parties send any payments to their counterparty and funds are available inside a channel. In many cases, not all outputs from the Funding Transaction are never broadcasted on the blockchain (Miller et al., 2017). This helps in receiving funds from both parties immediately (Poon, Team, 2017). Different channels remain in perpetuity until they help in deciding cooperatively closing out transaction by Revocation Delivery transaction. Conclusion It can be concluded that the use of the Bitcoin has limited problems in a transaction of a large amount of money all over the world. A digital currency that helps in resolving problems in a transaction and providing safe money transaction. However, some problems have raised with this method. The scalability problem has been prevailing in the Bitcoin technology. There have been many modifications n the algorithm of the bitcoin technology to resolve this scalability problem. The lightning network has somehow able to resolve this problem in the market. Recommendations It is recommended that use of lightning network have to be enhanced in mitigating scalability problem in Bitcoin. Tumble Bit: Tumble Bit works on the same protocol of Bitcoins without any change in it. Tumble Bit payment gateway helps in a transaction through a Tumbler. A bitcoin payment hub is a system for allowing users to make use of blockchain network in the same security module. The use of the Tumble Bit might help in securing security protocol of Bitcoin. It might help in closing off the gateway after one transaction that secures the transaction time (Eyal et al., 2016). The Tumble Bit is independent of timestamp protocol. Therefore, the time dependency is removed from bitcoin technology. It will replace on-blockchain payments by off-blockchain puzzle solving. However, Tumble Bit is an evolving project in the world. The Tumble Bit Project might help in ensuring the privacy of the lightning network by performing cross-chain trading. Trusted Execution Environments (TEE): These are unique forms of isolated and secure processing environments. However, TEE rely on Intels Software Guard Extensions (SGX) used to build guarantee secure remote computation. TEE will provide security by restricting reuse private keys of spent coins for a single transaction. Therefore, it might help in reusing of blockchain based cryptocurrencies. References Burchert, C., Decker, C., Wattenhofer, R. (2017, November). Scalable Funding of Bitcoin Micropayment Channel Networks. InInternational Symposium on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems(pp. 361-377). Springer, Cham. Croman, K., Decker, C., Eyal, I., Gencer, A. E., Juels, A., Kosba, A., ... Song, D. (2016, February). On scaling decentralized blockchains. InInternational Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security(pp. 106-125). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Croman, K., Decker, C., Eyal, I., Gencer, A. E., Juels, A., Kosba, A., ... Song, D. (2016, February). On scaling decentralized blockchains. 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