Car Safety Features Essay

As cars and other motor vehicles get faster, they become more and more dangerous to use. While this is the case, there are many different methods that manufacturers have used to help prevent harm to their consumers. These methods include: air bags, seatbelts, antilock breaking systems and many more. These three features are by far the most commonly known safety features for cars, and pretty much any new car that is manufactured will have all three of these safety features, not only because of the interest in keeping drivers safe but also the recently huge appeal to safety features and ratings for cars. Seat Belts Seat belts are by far the most common safety feature among cars. Everyone knows what they are, been taught to always buckle up, they reduce the risk of death by around 50%, and is illegal to not be wearing one while travelling in a car. But exactly do seatbelts do? Seat belts protect drivers and passengers by strapping them into their seat. This prevents violent jerks caused by either collisions or sudden stops. The basic idea of seatbelts is that they stop you from flying out of the windshield of your car. Why would this happen? It happens because of something called inertia. Inertia matter’s tendency to keep moving if it’s moving or keep staying still if it’s staying still, until it becomes under the influence of a force. Kind of like if you wake up in the morning felling tired, you want to go back to sleep until you force yourself to wake up. This is how inertia works. If you were traveling in a car at 60 kilometres per hour, inertia would mean that the car, and everything inside it, would want to keep moving at 60 kilometres per hour. If the car decelerates very quickly, perhaps due to a crash, everything inside the car will still be moving at 60 kilometres per hour, but the car will be slowing down very quickly. If you were not wearing a seatbelt, you would travel forwards at 60 kilometres per hour and crash through your windshield. Since windshields are made of thick glass, crashing into it would very easily kill you at a speed like this. If you were wearing a seatbelt in a situation like this, the seatbelt acts as a force to stop you from moving forwards, greatly reducing the impact of the inertia. The most commonly known kind of seatbelt is known as the three-point seatbelt, which can be seen on the right. The three-point seatbelt is almost always used in cars and buses. The three-point seatbelt works by having a strip of fabric not only across your hip, but also across your whole torso. The seatbelt has three points, two of them being built into the car, and the third point being where the seatbelt locks in, hence the name three-point seatbelt. Air Bags Another very common form of passenger protection is the air bag. Air bags are basically just what they’re called. They are bags and get filled with air during a crash, preventing the driver/passenger from hitting their head onto the dashboard. Much like seat belts, they strive to decrease the impact of inertia to prevent injury, by stopping the passenger’s head from moving forward. Air bags have three components that work in unison to function correctly: the crash sensor, the inflator, and the air bag itself. The crash sensor is a device that detects the force that is equal to or greater than driving into a brick wall at 16 to 24 kilometres per hour. If this force is met, the crash sensor sends a command to the inflator. The inflator then creates a reaction between sodium azide (NaN3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) to create nitrogen gas (NO3). The inflator forces this gas into the airbag, cause the bag to inflate. The bag is made of a thin nylon fabric, which is folded into a compartment in both the steering wheel and the the dashboard, and most of the time the seat or door. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) Many accidents are cause by brakes being applies too much, locking up the wheels and cause the car to skid. ABS tries to prevent the wheel from locking up and making the car lose control. There are 4 components to ABS systems: speed sensors, the pump, valves and the controller. The speed sensors provide information to the controller of what speed the car is travelling at, they are usually located at the wheels. There is a valve in each of the brakes controlled by the ABS. There are three different positions that the valves can be in: the valve being open, blocking the break line and releasing pressure form the brakes. Since valves release the pressure from the brakes, there needs to be something that puts the pressure back in. That’s there the pump come in. When a valve reduces the pressure in the brakes, the pumps are there to put the pressure back in the brake system. And finally, there is the controller. The controller is a computer placed somewhere in the car. The controller just controls how the speed sensors, the pumps and the valve operate. ABS works by detecting hen brakes are applied to hard, and begins to turn the brakes on and off by taking away and re-applying the pressure on them. This stops the wheels on the cars from locking up, and most of the time stops the car from skidding.

Microelectronics Reliability Essay

Abstraction Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems or short MEMS, is a engineering that is basically a combination of electro-mechanical stuffs and mechanical technology at a micro graduated table. The engineering used for fiction is derived from the IC fiction procedures and typically ranges from one micrometer to several millimetres. The MEMS engineering finds its usage in assorted applications where for case, micro detectors and/or micro actuators are needed. As its name suggests, MEMS devices are basically mechanical devices that can dwell of fixed parts or a combination of fixed and traveling parts. However this besides gives rise to dependability issues due to both electrical as mechanical issues [ 2 ] s.a. stuff weariness, stiction, dazes etc. The dependability can be greatly enhanced [ 1 ] turn outing the engineering can be suited for usage in high terminal applications. The end of this essay is to present and familiarise the reader to an extent with the operation and the dependability issues of a MEMS accelerometer. First the working of a MEMS accelerometer will be covered after which its dependability will be considered. Here assorted dependability issues will be considered after which†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..some†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.solutions will be given on how to cover with†¦..some†¦..of†¦..the dependability issues. Finally a decision will be drawn if the presented solution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.solutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..are bettering the dependability.IntroductionMEMS engineering devices have established a repute over the old ages as capable detector and actuator devices doing assorted information garnering techniques possible. The engineering enables applications to garner information from the environment in assorted spheres merely to change over them to the electrical sphere. Following to the electrical sphere, the detectors can be fabricated to observe mechanical, thermic, chemical, magnetic and optical signals. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Give some more illustrations about the usage and demo some images etc. particularly mention the usage in automotive industry †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ One noteworthy illustration that possibly talk easy to the head is the usage of MEMS detectors in the modern smartphones. The detector enables the phone to observe up from down for assorted maps s.a. exchanging to a larger screen, GPS applications and game characteristics where the phone detects the tilting for playing some games. Figure†¦ ..shows the usage of accelerometers germinating over the old ages. [ 4 ] As the figure points out, the MEMS accelerometer had made its first visual aspect as a clang detector in an airbag. From there it evolved to be used even in playthings where it needs to be inexpensive and is produced in a high volume. However an application in toys doesn’t need to be extremely dependable unlike the usage in application for automotive terminals s.a. the airbag where a life can be saved depending on the right operation of the detector.1. MEMS accelerometerBasic operationFigures†¦shows a basic MEMS capacitive accelerometer. [ 4 ] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . The MEMS detector shown uses two home bases connected to the cardinal mass w.r.t the fixed home bases as differential capacitances. The electrical capacity is given by The two home bases attached to the cardinal mass signifier series electrical capacities with the fixed home bases. When there is acceleration the mass will travel in the positive or negative way depending on the motion. This in bend will ensue in positive or negative electrical capacity and depending on the distance the capacitances are smaller or larger. Thus for positive motion one capacitance will increase positively while the other will increase negatively, or frailty versa for negative motion. When there is no acceleration the movable mass will be back at its place due to the snap belongingss of Si which consequences in a place equidistance between each outer plates. This will ensue in zero electromotive force on the cardinal home base as the electrical capacity on each side are equal ( except for the sine ) . This is because the outer home bases can be driven with a square moving ridge with the coveted frequence so that one home base sees a positive signal while the other sees a negative signal, and frailty versa. For positive motion the end product square moving ridge is in stage with the input signal resulting in a greater magnitude when demodulated. For negative motion this is the antonym. The described device has merely two outer home bases which means that the sensitiveness will be low. To increase the sensitiveness the figure off traveling fingers ( outer plates ) must be increased [ 1 ] . However every bit will be shown in the text, the more moving parts in the accelerometer the higher the chance of failure.2. Common MEMS failure mechanismsAlthough the MEMS engineering has proved its worth, there are many failure mechanisms that need to be considered when planing to hold a qualitative merchandise at the terminal of the processing. Table†¦ [ 6 ] summarizes the common failure mechanisms of MEMS devices:FailureCauseMechanical FractureOverload, daze ; Corrosion ; FatigueStictionVan der Waals force ; Capillary force ; Chemical bonding ; Electrostatic charging ; Residual emphasisCharge accretionElectric emphasis ; Radiation ; Improper handlingWearAdhesion ; Abrasion ; Corrosion ; Surface wearinessCreep and wearinessIntrinsic emphasis ; Applied emphasis ; Thermal emphasisElectric short and unfastenedDielectric stuff debasement ; ESD, high electric field ; Electromigration ; OxidationContaminationIntrinsic ( e.g. , crystal growing ) ; Manufacturing-induced ; Usage enviro nment-inducedAs the accelerometer is considered as the instance survey, merely some of the failure mechanisms are of involvement. The most of import failure mechanisms are Mechanical breaks. Following to that stiction is besides of import as the accelerometer contains traveling parts. In ulterior subdivisions some solutions will be presented on how to better some of the failure mechanisms.Mechanical fractures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Mechanical break is the most common failure manner and largely is a consequence of Shocks. Dazes are fundamentally sudden accelerations. While usually an accelerometer operates under conditions merely holding to cover low g-shocks s.a. in consumer electronics, auto clang detectors need to defy much more than that to be dependable. Apart from dazes the mechanical failure manner can besides be a consequence of in-use-stiction as a consequence of suspended parts doing contact that under normal conditions doesn’t occur. The latter will be shows in the fol lowing subdivision.Reducing mechanical breaksTo better the MEMS accelerometer assorted methods can be used. One normally used method is to restrict the motion of the cogent evidence mass by implementing a stopper. Figure†¦..shows an execution of the latter. [ 7 ] The T-shaped construction is the stopper. By implementing the stopper, the break of the back uping beams can be avoided as the maximal emphasis on the beams given by the snap is non exceeded. Following to restricting the emphasis it besides prevents the in-use-stiction as the moving parts are prevented from doing contact with the fixed parts. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..fatigue†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..shocks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..StictionStiction is one of the most common failure mechanisms in MEMS and occurs where suspended constructions are used ( traveling parts ) . When different parts s.a. the fixed fingers in the accelerometer make contact, these can stay affiliated to one another. Figure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . [ 6 ] †¦shows some illustrations of sidelong or/and perpendicular stiction. Fig†¦ Examples of assorted stiction ( a ) no stiction ; ( B ) merely sidelong stiction ; and ( degree Celsius ) lateral and perpendicular stiction [ 6 ] . The stiction occurs peculiarly in micromachined constructions where the surface country to volume ratio is big ensuing in a typically little stiffness of reconstructing springs. The stiction can hold assorted causes and most of these can be due to processing, elevated RH degrees and dazes. The adhesion occurs either due to van der Waals, electrostatic forces ( trapped charge ) , capillary forces or a combination of these [ 7 ] .Reducing stictionAs the failure mechanisms of MEMS devices are progressively researched, many ways have been proposed to cut down stiction. Some of these where:Modifying the structural stiffnessDesign of the traveling parts with higher stiffness to get the better of the stiction forceSurface chemical scienceUsing hydrophobic surfaces to forestall H2O from coming into contact with the MEMS structures as H2O causes capillary force and hence stiction [ 6 ] . Alternatively a hermetic waterproofing can be usedRough surfacesRough surfaces reduces the Van der Waals f orce and with that the stictionImplementing a stopper to restrict the motion of the cogent evidence mass ( see old subdivision )Anti stiction coating3. DependabilityDefinition of the dependabilityBefore discoursing the dependability of an accelerometer, the definition of dependability must be considered. Reliability is defined as the chance of a certain merchandise to execute harmonizing to its specifications within typical operating conditions for the expected life-time [ 2 ] . The expression for this is given by As for the failure rate, which is defined as the ratio of the entire figure of failures to the entire operating clip [ 1 ] . Thus ? For measuring the dependability there are several standard theoretical accounts that can be used, viz.The exponential dependability distributionThe binomial dependability distributionThe Poisson dependability distributionWeibull dependability distributionIn this text the exponential signifier is used for the dependability analysis as its less complex than other lifetime distribution theoretical accounts. Then the dependability is given by In world the failure rate is besides a map of clip. The failure rate ( as a map of clip ) follows the behaviour of a bathing tub curve [ 1 ] . [ 2 ] The infant mortality part is caused by merchandise defects and perchance besides by cognize how restrictions like when proving paradigms [ 2 ] , as for the wear-out part, this is merely as its name suggests. Here the chance of no failure before clip T is given by [ 9 ] When ciphering the failure rate for increasing smaller intervals of clip, the jeopardy rate H ( T ) is obtained, with However, because we are sing the exponential failure distribution, the jeopardy rate will be changeless and equal to the failure rate. Here we can see merely the utile clip from the bathing tub curve, that is, most infant mortality failures ( with ruinous defects ) can be filtered out during fabricating trials [ 1 ] . This means that we can see the failure rate to be more changeless and therefore the instantaneous jeopardy rate H ( T ) is merely the failure rate.4. Dependability of a capacitive accelerometerAs was stated in the Introduction subdivision, the capacitive accelerometer will be used for the chance analysis since it’s widely used and needs to be dependable adequate particularly in life endangering state of affairss s.a. auto clangs. The structural diagram of an accelerometer with 2N-fingers is shown in Figure†¦ . [ 8 ] Here the accelerometer consists of fixed and movable parts which all demand to be fault-free. The accelerometer consists of 4 ground tackles, 4 back uping beams, 2N-fixed fingers, one movable cardinal mass and N-movable fingers attached to the cardinal mass. As stated before, utilizing more fingers increases the sensitiveness of the accelerometer. Here the system can be considered as a series theoretical account [ 1 ] because if any of the constituents fail, the whole system fails. For simpleness, the fixed parts can be considered holding perfect dependability as most defects are filtered out during the fabricating trial while the traveling parts can hold a higher dependability of failure. The dependability is so given by ( Rdegree Fahrenheitcorresponds to the traveling fingers ) Therefore the entire failure rate is merely the amount of the failure rates which is given by As can be noted, there is a trade-off between the sensitiveness and the failure rate as both are dependent on n-fingers. As the figure of fingers can be increased to better the sensitiveness, this will convey the dependability down.5. General solutionAs discussed antecedently the mechanical break and stiction are thermoset of import failure mechanisms. Here it was shows how to cut down these failures and hence besides the dependability. However if the device fails anyway so it’s considered useless. Unfortunately this can hold serious effects if it’s used in airbag systems and therefore the dependability still needs to be higher. To make this a more general attack can be used. This attack makes usage of ‘spare parts’ . If the accelerometer is broken up into smaller faculties connected together with some excess faculties, the latter can be used to replace the faulty faculties. As the faculties can be connected to some circuitry that would feel if the moving parts are faulty, a faulty faculty can be excluded and replaced by a excess one and this procedure is repeated until the redundant parts are used for replacing. This method is known as BISR ( built in self fix ) . Figure†¦..illustrates this. †¦ . Here the k-out-of-n redundancy theoretical account can be used for the analysis [ 1 ] . The k-out-of-n system consists out of n-modules, withK-modules non-faulty to guarantee the right operation of the MEMS system. When utilizing such a system, until all the excess faculties are used and at least one faculty from the chief device is faulty at the clip, so the system can no longer map decently. This means that the system, unlike when merely one chief faculty is used, is a parallel system. Figure†¦.illustrates this. †¦.. As the figure shows a 3-out-4 system is assumed. Notice that merely the moving parts are considered. That’s similar to the one-module device we can concentrate on the moving parts merely as these cut down the dependability at higher rate than the fixed parts. Again the dependability of one faculty can be done similar as for the one faculty device antecedently discussed in text. The dependability is so given by ( Rdegree Fahrenheitcorresponds to the traveling fingers ) Therefore the entire failure rate is merely the amount of the failure rates which is given by Notice that unlike earlier, the failure rate is reduced as the figure of traveling fingers are increased for better sensitiveness. This means that the trade-off that had to be made earlier is non made any more and a much better dependability is obtained. The entire dependability of a system is given [ 1 ] by Where m is the excess faculty. Therefore in this instance the dependability is given by Inserting the exponential signifier of the dependability for a faculty However, utilizing this method besides increases the usage of the figure of back uping beams which in bend reduces the dependability. But in the visible radiation of the improved dependability by utilizing the BISR attack, the overall dependability increases more than is decreases [ 1 ] doing this method really utile.DecisionMEMS have proven to be rather utile. However like any merchandise dependability issues can originate. The dependability of MEMS in toys doesn’t need to be all that high while for applications in automotive this needs to be really dependable as a unrecorded can depend on it when used in airbag systems. It has been shown that first it’s best to see the failure mechanisms and to better these which makes a longer lifetime possible. To better the dependability even further the BISR attack can be considered. From this it shows that the dependability can be really high and in the hereafter this attack might be considered to better other types of MEMS detectors.Mentions[ 1 ] X. Xiong, Y. Wu, and W. Jone, â€Å"Reliability analysis of self-repairable MEMS accelerometer, † in Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems ( DFT '06 ) , pp. 236–244, October 2006 [ 2 ] Jacopo Iannacci, â€Å"Reliability of MEMS: A position on failure mechanisms, betterment solutions and best patterns at development level† , Center for Materials and Microsystems – CMM, Fondazione Bruno Kessler – FBK, Via Sommarive, 18, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy, accepted 2014 [ 3 ] Frank CHoLLET, Haobing LIUâ€Å"A ( non so ) short direction to MEMS† , Creative Commons, version 5.1, 2013 [ 4 ] Michael Kraft, Neil M. White â€Å"MEMS for automotive and aerospace applications† , Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, 2013 [ 5 ] X. Xiong, Y. Wu, and W. Jone, â€Å"Material weariness and dependability of MEMS accelerometers, † in Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems ( DFT '08 ) , pp. 314–322, October 2008 [ 6 ] Ynhan Huang et Al. â€Å"MEMS Reliability Review† , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY, VOL. 12, NO. 2, JUNE 2012 [ 7 ] Allyson L. Hartzell, et Al. â€Å"MEMS Reliability† , Springer, New York, 2011 [ 8 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fandroides.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/8930-62341-How-does-smart-phone-accelerometer-work.png [ 9 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure_rate

Applied Business Ethics

Human beings have for a long time been faced with the plague of making the right decision. In each and every day, the business world lives around making decisions and for most of them, making the right one needs one to be thoughtful and considerations while others have no conscious in thinking through a decision. Hospitality, an industry I would really like to join as a future profession is like any other business that is profit driven. In Singapore, in the efforts to increase the profits in the industry and to increase the revenues, the government was at one time seen to settle on decisions that came with a lot of ethical issues in societies. Ethical issues in the hospitality industry have been experienced mostly in the cruise ships engaging in casinos and gambling where the government of Singapore legitimized the gambling as a business like other businesses. In as much as the cruise ship might be having a beneficial advantage to the country, by generating income to and adding up to the economy in Singapore, it is quite unfortunate that it discharges bilge water, sewerage and other waste to the water a few miles from the coast. Such activities are never regulated and they may be a great danger especially to the fishing industry as the waste and other discharge from the ship may cause a massive death of fish (Lo, 2005). Many stakeholders are naturally concerned that these wastes might cause negative impacts to the environment but then, they might not want to interfere and disturb revenue generating business and a part of the Singapore’s economy. The profit that is enjoyed from the cruise ships does not mean that the directors and other staff should be less ethical. Clearly, a company can be profitable and at the same time reducing the ethical issues through integrity (Balfour, 2006). In the process of using integrity, ethics would be prevailing and the right choices would be made. In the same cruise ships in Singapore, one of the businesses carrying the order of the day is gambling. In as much as casino gaming may seem to be a business like others, it is surrounded with many ethical issues. People engaging in gambling are prone to addiction to the game, might have tribal issues and others may be forced into organized crimes and suicide. While others may find their ways into gaming casinos for business and fun, others might take the opportunity to organized crimes; others may be tempted to commit suicide after losing a lot of money and property as others get addicted to the game. It thus leaves questions as to why the government could just decide to legalize gaming considering it come along with many ethical issues (Grinols & Mustard, 2006).   The aspect of being right or wrong appears to differ from culture to culture although the defending fact is about a person’s behavior. An example is the principle of utilitarianism where it is about the good deeds for many people. Singapore is well recognized as one of the governments that are least corrupts different from many countries where corruption has turned to be a plague in the government (Walker & Jackson, 2007). Many corporate agencies are full of corrupt administrators and governments are full of graft and bribes and as such people might not question a government running a country being ethical. Singapore, after its government announced that they will be legalizing gambling and allowing the construction of mega resorts with gaming facilities, it appeared that the country was thrown in a debating field about the implications that could come along with the decision. Questions are thus rising on how ethical or unethical the governments are becoming and the implication s of the decisions made by these governments to allow building of casinos and the operations of the cruise ship (Lim, 2005). The government of Singapore came out to defend its decision to legitimize the integrated resorts claiming that the gambling and all the games in the casinos can be considered a form of entertainment and a worthy investment. Also, they based their justification on economic situations where they had to import some of the raw materials used in building the casinos and as a result, enhancing business relationships with other countries. Another major reason the government gave for legalizing the gambling was that the revenue of the country was falling and it was because many of their citizens were travelling to other states to gamble. One may look at it that the government of Singapore may have wanted to tap into its revenue to prevent the money from being spent out of the country (Banks, 2002). Tourism was also another reason that saw the government allow the construction of the casinos and the operation of the cruise ship. The decision by the country was seen to be aiming at increasing the demands for and the motivation of the tourists to the island state. The government also based its decision of the fact that Singapore appears to the third least corrupt states making their probability to attract many tourists around the world high. It was also anticipated that the casino would be a great opening of many employment opportunities (Sim, 2010).   One of the ethical issues surrounding the casino and gambling business is the organized crimes taking place in these places. Crime is one of the factors that the anti-casino movements were seen to argue that will increase as a result of the legalization of the business. In other countries, there have been witnessed cases of assassinations around the casinos where the people gambling in these casinos seem not to be satisfied with the fact that they lose their money or property and thus, organize an assassination of their opponents (Garret, 2004). Before the government had legalized the casinos and gambling in Singapore, there were many forces and arguments for and against the case. Different people had different views concerning casino gaming where a group believed in the ethical part of casinos while others defended their opposition on grounds of the unethical parts causing an ethical dilemma in the case (Toneatto, Ferguson & Brennan, 2003). From the beginning, the policy makers in the country had acknowledged the possible negative externalities and gave an assurance that these would be controlled through different measures that were put in place. The government passed the casino control act that issued the license to build the two integrated resorts with casinos in them.   There are also statutory boards that were developed to limit the social impacts of the casino gambling and the state has been very strict in the act by progressively tightening the rules over time. There are exclusion measures and limits of visits to th e casino. The exclusion measures are seen to bar people from entering the casino while the limits of visits puts barriers on the number of visits a person can visit the casino, and that being imposed on registered members (Grinols, 2004). Another measure is on the people operating the casino where they are not allowed to accept credit cards from the local residents and they are as well not permitted to extend credit to the local visitors. In any case the operators appear to breach the regulations; they are to face some disciplinary actions including the imposition of fines, suspension or even termination of their licenses (Werker, 2007). Ever since the casinos in Singapore started working, the regulations governing them have been tightened progressively. The issue of addiction was to be sorted through the enrollment of education programs to through family service centers and community development councils. These bodies were to give gambling addiction information to the public and also trained the staff on the compulsive gambling and how to provide basic counseling to the gamblers (Anderson, 2005).     However, the government should have applied the consequentialism theory with the approach of ethics. The consequential approach emphasizes that an ethical morality is a contingent on the action outcome or its consequence. Therefore, any right ethical actions should produce a positive result (Walker & Jackson, 2007). The positive result should outweigh the negative outcome. The casino ACT mainly focused on the local residence hence benefiting them more than the residents. In conjunction with the shareholder's theory, the responsibility of the casino was to raise profits to the shareholders and benefit the residents positively. According to Banks (2002). Understanding the theories of justice comes from the business ethics. However, it has a political aspect due to the control of businesses by the government involvement. The government of Singapore defends its decision to legitimize the integrated resorts claiming that the gambling and all the games in the casinos can also be considered a form of entertainment. The claim is based on the economic conditions and the claim that purchasing of raw materials from other countries will support their relationships. The theory of justice mainly focuses on the creation of liberties equalization hence creating strong friendships and happiness between the other countries with a mutual benefit.   In each and every day, the business world lives around making decisions and for most of them, making the right one needs one to be thoughtful and considerations while others have no conscious in thinking through a decision. In as much as the cruise ship might be having a beneficial advantage to the country, by generating income to and adding up to the economy in Singapore, it is quite unfortunate that it discharges bilge water, sewerage and other waste to the water a few miles from the coast. Many corporate agencies are full of corrupt administrators and governments are full of graft and bribes and as such people might not question a government running a country being ethical. Singapore, after its government announced that they will be legalizing gambling and allowing the construction of mega resorts with gaming facilities, it appeared that the country was thrown in a debating field about the implications that could come along with the decision. The government passed the casino contr ol act that issued the license to build the two integrated resorts with casinos in them.   There are also statutory boards that were developed to limit the social impacts of the casino gambling and the state has been very strict in the act by progressively tightening the rules over time.   Anderson, J. E., (2005). Casino taxation in the United States. National Tax Journal, 58(2), 303–  Ã‚   324. Retrieved from https://ntj.tax.org/ Balfour, F. (2006). Macau gaming: Shady past, rosy future. BusinessWeek Online, pp. 6. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. Banks, G. (2002). The Productivity Commission’s gambling inquiry: 3 years on. Presentation to    the 12th Annual Conference of the National Association for Gambling Studies, Melbourne, Productivity Commission, Canberra. Retrieved from    https://www.pc.gov.au/speeches/?a=7804 Garret, T.A. (2004). Casino gaming and employment trends. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 86(1), pp. 9-22. Retrieved from https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/04/01/garrett.pdf Grinols, E.L. (2004). Gambling in America; Costs and benefits. The Press Syndicate of the University of   Cambridge, The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kingdom. Grinols, E.L., & Mustard, D.B. (2006). Casinos, crime, and community costs. The Review of Economics   and Statistics. 88(1), 28-45. Retrieved from https://www.terry.uga.edu/~mustard/casinos.pdf Lim, H. K. (2005). Comment by Minster for Trade & Industry Lim Hng Kiang.Ministerial    Speeches & Comments. Retrieved from Ministry of Trade and IndustrySingapore website: https://app.mti.gov.sg/default.asp?id=606 Lo, S. H. (2005). Casino politics, organized crime and the post-colonial state in Macau. Journal of Contemporary China, 14(43), 207-224. doi:10.1080/10670560500065454. Sim, A. (2010). Singapore already reaping benefits from IRs: Economist. Retrieved from https://www.asiaone.com/Business/News/Story/A1Story20100426-212421.html Toneatto, T., Ferguson, D., & Brennan, J. (2003). Effect of a new casino on problem gambling in treatment-seeking substance abusers. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48(1), 40.Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. Walker, D., & Jackson, J. (2007). Do casinos cause economic growth? American Journal of Economics & Sociology, 66(3), 593-607. doi:10.1111/j.1536-7150.2007.00528.x. Werker, E. (2007). Company town: Fixing corrupt governments. Harvard Business School,   Working Knowledge, Retrieved from https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5730.html

Art and the Unconscious Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Art and the Unconscious - Essay Example I have often noticed that writing poetry sometimes replaces the realization of the emotions that were projected in the subconscious. That is, if there are obstacles to the achievement of pleasure through the implementation of emotion in the external world, there is no such problem in art, and in this case art is a spiritualized projection of emotion, expression of which is invariably accompanied by feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. Certainly it is undeniable that the implementation of emotion with a real object would have brought far more satisfying, but with the existence of external barriers to achieving the desired, formed new virtual method of implementing the internal motives. However, the art impulse is not only positive emotions. Aggression, frustration, protest, pain and all sorts of emotions and feelings are not realized in the external world also tend to express. One more element is the desire for self-knowledge and self-revelation inherent to a person on a subconsciou s level, and at some point, when under the influence of any external factors that desire is activated; the person feels what may be called inspiration. The most profound and significant area of human intelligence is the unconscious. The unconscious is a repository of primitive instinctual drives plus the emotions and memories that are so threatened by the consciousness that had been crushed and driven into the unconscious. Unconscious material largely determines the daily operations. The studying the phenomenon of the unconscious goes into great antiquity. For Plato the recognition of the existence of the unconscious was the basis for creating the theory of knowledge, built on the reproduction of what is in the depths of the human psyche. Being familiar with the philosophical ideas of Plato, Freud, of course, drew out some ideas about the unconscious. (Freud, 2009) It is known that a key regulator of human behavior is unconscious. Freud discovered that behind the veil

EMBA 560 Executive position week 2 discussion 2 Essay

EMBA 560 Executive position week 2 discussion 2 - Essay Example He or she must be articulate, a good communicator particularly in face-to-face meetings with clients, a fundamental understanding of medical devices and equipment, and an affinity for the challenges of working in sales and marketing. Half of the job of being a good marketing professional is earning the trust and confidence of the client, so it is a vital requirement that the candidate for my position is honest and sincere, has a genuine affinity for people (that is, he or she should not have issues about not wanting to be among strangers), and could inspire a genuine trust in people. Things like these could not be faked. At the same time, my replacement should be forward looking and self-motivated, because marketing requires seeking out those who would benefit most from our products and bringing these products to them. It requires innovative thinking, because the obvious prospects are always already served. Creativity is needed to seek out potential customers, to approach them in a m anner that does not immediately alienate them even before you get to speak, and to find out what their needs are and match these needs with the product you sell, so that everyone comes out at an advantage. Finally, I will look for a sense of perseverance and fortitude. Marketing is both physically and mentally challenging work, so the successful candidate should be up to the task. 2.Consider the hypothetical situation in question #1.   What are the pros and cons of hiring someone exactly like you? While I was writing out the answer to the first question, I was wondering whether I fit the bill myself in the manner I set the attributes down. I realized that these are the qualifications that I would like to have, or that I would like to think I possess but do not actually. It is the best of what I want to be and what I think the position demanded. There are dangers to finding someone exactly like oneself, because there never is one. No two persons, not even twins, are exactly alike, and making oneself the role model for finding a replacement makes one almost doomed to fail. Then he would have to â€Å"settle† for someone a little bit less in his estimation (because nobody ever measures up to the ideal picture we have of ourselves), and this becomes a poor basis for beginning a working relationship, particularly between a supervisor and his subordinate. Another thing about finding someone like me to take over my place perpetuates the weaknesses that I had, at worse, and at best not have anything new to add to the position. There is a distinct advantage in hiring someone not like myself, in that they bring something new to the plate. New is always good, it is at least change, and after sometime the innovation would be adjusted to fit the job, enhancing its advantages while minimizing the disadvantages. Hiring someone for my old position who is exactly like me is a constraint on the new worker, if he knew that I hired him for that purpose. His tendency, as with all other subordinates, is to meet the expectations of his superior (myself), so he will try to do everything like me and think, what would my boss do if he were in my place? But this attitude does not foster growth, it does not free up the individual for the many initiative and ideas he may have for the job. Therefore, it were better that in choosing a replacement, I should not look for someone who was like me, for that reason.

Women Rights Denial by Governments and Individuals Essay

Women Rights Denial by Governments and Individuals - Essay Example he Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was adopted by the General Assembly in 1979 by votes of 130 to none, with 10 abstentions At the special ceremony that took place at the Copenhagen Conference on 17 July 1980, 64 States signed the Convention and two States submitted their instruments of ratification. On 3 September 1981, 30 days after the twentieth member- State had ratified it, the Convention entered into force - faster than any previous human rights convention had done - thus bringing to a climax United Nations efforts to codify comprehensively international legal standards for women. [1] Its content is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the concept of human rights. It presents the evolution and expansion of this concept and its philosophical formulations and theoretical reflection on the nature and sources of human rights. International standards in the next two parts are grouped, first, from the point of view of categories of human rights: civil, political, economic, social and cultural, and then in relation to the protection of certain categories of vulnerable persons (women, children, minorities, indigenous people and migrant workers). [2] There has been a growing realization that the definition of "human rights" needs to be revised to fully include "women's rights" in it. The International Women's Conference in Beijing in 1995, was another landmark achievement in this direction. After much dispute and heated debate, the final program of action stated, "While the significance of national and religious particularities in various historical, cultural, and religious systems must be kept in mind, it is the duty of states regardless of their political, economic, and cultural systems to protect and promote all human... This essay describes the feminism and the fight for women's rights as an epic saga that is still happening today. Whatever success has been achieved has been purely by dint of perseverance on part of the feminists. The researcher gives his opinion on the topic and states that it is unfortunate that, at times, governments and individuals fail to acknowledge these rights, even in 21st century. In fact it has been justly argued that resolutions against whaling were passed more quickly and unanimously than resolutions for women’s rights. The researcher mentiones that feminists’ efforts to introduce a homogenous standard may be admirable, but may also be misplaced. It is a matter of debate that rights in one culture may be taken as oppression in another culture today. For example, even wearing a scarf is considered a religious obligation and a feminine trait in Muslim society but is considered persecution in Western society. Similarly wearing a skimpy bikini on the beach may give rise to a furor even in â€Å"conservative† Catholic communities. The invasion of â€Å"multiculturism†, that was described in the essay is also a force to contend with. To conclude, the researcher explores that many countries allow different communities living there to preserve their culture today. In such a situation present homogeneity may itself be an infringement on the cultural freedom of that community. A more pragmatic approach is required today when dealing with issues related to different cultures and religions.

Human Trafficking in the United States Research Paper

Human Trafficking in the United States - Research Paper Example While these impoverished people from South and Central America get into the United States in order to improve their economic wellbeing, evidence suggests that they barely get past acute poverty and only manage to survive. Despite being the richest nation on earth, a significant portion of its inhabitants lives below the poverty line. A large portion of them recently arrives illegal immigrants, who find disillusionment and further misery on their arrival into the country through illegal channels (Lybecker, 2008). This essay will argue that while human trafficking is not solely responsible for poverty in the United States, it does contribute to the growing pool of poor people and is a manifestation of the dark side of the global capitalist economy. Firstly, poverty and homelessness in the United States can be traced back a long way. Even long before political discourse about illegal immigration started, there has been a constant influx of impoverished and oppressed people into the country. As and when immigrants (legal or illegal) arrive into the confines of the country, they start out as homeless people by default. The direct and circumstantial evidence for this is available in literary and performing arts of the last one and half centuries. Prominent among the artists who dealt with this subject are Walt Whitman, Jack London, Charlie Chaplin, Woody Guthrie, John Dos Passos, Bill Mauldin, Jack Kerouac, and John Steinbeck. In the early twentieth century slang, homeless, vagabond immigrants were casually referred to as hoboes, which is a term of denigration. These so-called hoboes had a reputation for being barbaric, wild, lazy and unscrupulous. The first detailed representation of these people living on the fringes of society s tarted appearing after the end of the Civil War.  

Sociological Perspective and Sociological Imagination Essay

Sociological Perspective and Sociological Imagination - Essay Example The ideology of self and self concept has been differing from historical eras, cultural backgrounds and socioeconomic classes. There are three other concepts underlying the idea of self concept. They are the self esteem, self efficacy and self monitoring. Personality is a compilation of emotional and behavioral patterns exclusive to a person that is steady over time. One more aspect to be understood in lieu of the cognition for self is spirituality. Spirituality can be described in various ways but the most common definitions are that spirituality endows with logic of meaning and purpose in life and includes a belief that the soul starts of in another realm or it is reincarnated after a person's death. These beliefs include supernatural beings or powers, such as a God or a hierarchy of gods, angels and demons, this is for different religions. Thus we can say that the supernatural world at times comes closer and at times gets farther away to the real world scenarios as per beliefs of different persons. As of a spiritual standpoint, the main purpose of human life is to grow spiritually.

Pope Benedict XVI and Enviromental Concerns Term Paper

Pope Benedict XVI and Enviromental Concerns - Term Paper Example of mankind. Admittedly, the only irony is that still, the leader thinks only about the welfare of the mankind; not about the wellbeing of other species. The spiritual leader thinks that the methods of development adopted by the nations are erroneous and are the reasons behind the present day environmental crises. So, it is claimed by the Pope that there is the need to have a long term review of our ‘models of development’. The situation is warranted due to a number of reasons. Firstly, ‘the ecological health of the planet’ is declining, and secondly, there is severe cultural and moral crisis everywhere in the world2. Another important aspect of the environmental view held by Pope Benedict XVI is the realization of the need to unite irrespective of region and religion. In other words, Pope is calling for the unity of all people, all nations, and all cultures to bring about effective changes in the way we deal with environment. Thus, the spiritual leader claim s that only ‘solidarity’ with new rules and forms of engagement can bring about the desired results. Moral decline is linked to environment Being the spiritual leader, Pope considers the present day crisis as the result of moral crises. In other words, the leader claims that all the issues faced by the present-day world are interconnected. To illustrate, the economic, food-related, environmental, and social issues are all the result of moral crises. That means it is high time for the people to adopt a life of ‘sobriety and solidarity’, to adopt such strategies that are useful and to reject the ones that do not work. According to the pope, the present environmental issues arose because humans understood the meaning of god’s command and exploit God’s creation as he wanted to enjoy absolute command over other things in the world. In order to correct this misunderstanding, the pope interpret God’s original command as seen in Genesis, and sa ys that the command does not mean a ‘conferral of authority’. Instead, the pope points out that the command meant a ‘summons to responsibility’. In order to support this position, Pope gives the example of the wisdom of ancients which had recognized the fact that nature is not a ‘heap of scattered refusal which is at our disposal’. Thus, the point the pope wants to put forward is that as Genesis puts it, nature is a gift given by God to man, and he is allowed to ‘till it and keep it’3. Thus, the entire nature belongs to God, and it has its own inbuilt nature. So, the duty of man is to become co-worker of God, not to become tyrants who provoke rebellion in nature. However, as the speech progresses, one can see pope criticizing the unequal distribution of wealth and resources among nations and peoples. Quoting the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, it is pointed out that ‘God has destined the earth and everything it contains fo r all peoples and nations’4. That means the fruits of the creation are not the property of a few people or nations, but all

The Boer War Essay Example for Free

The Boer War Essay To what extent did the Boer War change attitudes to Empire in Britain? The British Empire at its peak was considered the greatest empire in the world. It was the empire on which the sun never set. By 1897 it was guarded by a navy that was equal to the navies of two other powers. One newspaper described Britain as being in splendid isolation in that it had no enemies and needed no friends. The presss view on the events relating to the empire was very important. In 1907 Lord Sanderson, Permanent Undersecretary wrote in his retirement It has sometimes seemed to me that a foreigner reading our press the British Empire must appear in the light of some huge giant sprawling over the globe with gouty fingers and toes spreading in every direction which cannot be approached without eliciting a scream. Other examples later show how the press portrayed the majority of public thoughts and reflections on certain issues. In the late Seventeenth Century the Dutch East India Company had formed a trading station in South Africa near the Cape of Good Hope. The poorest members of this community were strongly protestant farmers called treboers or Boers. These pilgrims called themselves Afrikaners, people of Africa and searched for land. They spoke Afrikaans, a modification of Dutch. They were the original foreign settlers in South Africa. These people were unreceptive of Africans as well as Europeans. When travelling to India and the Far East the Cape of Good Hope became an essential naval base. Britain appreciated its importance in Empire relations as it allowed Britain to position herself significantly in order to defend her Empire as well as trade with it. The arrival of the British in South Africa caused a vast amount of tension. The conflict led to the Boers embarking on the Great Trek and setting up two separate states. At that time in South Africa diamonds had been discovered at Kimberley. This mineral revolution led to an influx of people to South Africa to claim their share of the fortune. The European immigrants who worked in the gold and diamond mines, 41,000 of them, mainly British, were deprived of having been granted voting rights from the Transvaal. These Uitlanders (outsiders) were in Paul Krugers (Transvaal President) eyes a tool for manipulation of the British government who were using the issue to end the independence of the Boer Republics. This was a great threat to the fiercely independent Boers who would fail to accept any foreign interference from Britain especially such which would result in a direct threat to their government i.e giving the Uitlanders the right to vote so that as they grow they will become more powerful and pose a political threat. It was this issue that was the immediate cause of the outbreak of the Boer war. There are many causes of the Boer war, which derive from longstanding Anglo-Boer tensions such as in 1834 when the British abolished slavery. This was not accepted by 5,000 Boers who participated in the Great Trek across the Orange and Vaal rivers where they set up the two new Boer states, the Orange Free State and the Transvaal. In 1877 Britain took over control of the Transvaal due to the threat of the Zulus. By 1881 the British had refused to grant independence to the Transvaal despite the Zulu war having ended. Paul Kruger used this to justify an attack on the British in what we now know as the 1st Boer war, which led to a Boer victory at Majuba Hill. The victory led to the partial restoration of independence in agreements of 1882 and 1884. This allowed Britain to supervise foreign policy and to intervene in certain circumstances in domestic matters. The roles of Joseph Chamberlain, the British Colonial Secretary and Alfred Milner, British High Commissioner for South Africa are important in when looking at why war broke out. Joseph Chamberlain, Colonial Secretary, worsened Anglo-Boer relations in the run up to the war. He had notified Kruger that despite what the Transvaal government had understood the agreements signed by the British in the first Boer war had not restored full control over domestic policy to the republic. Chamberlain also appointed a man hostile to the Transvaal Sir Alfred Milner as the British High Commissioner for South Africa and successfully encouraged London not to give long-term loans to the Transvaal. He knew that Transvaal was getting rich and powerful and expressed concerns relating to British interests. Whether Chamberlain wanted war or not his actions were insufficient in being able to stop it. His appointee Milners influence stretched everywhere and he stirred the pot. He placed pressure on the Transvaal government and stretched them to their limits. He did not believe that they were capable of war and greatly underestimated them. Paul Kruger, president of Transvaal saw war as inevitable because his attempts at regaining peace were insufficient for Milner. After Milner rejected Kruger attempts one last time on 9th October 1899 Kruger sent a telegram to British to tell them to move away from their borders. The British ignorant of their potential ignored this and didnt even reply. This cost them dearly. On 11th October the Transvaal launched an attack on the Cape Colony. The British Prime minister said this has relieved us of the task of explaining to the British public why we are at war. Although they knew the real reason was the British refusal to take the Boers seriously and their inability to foresee this event which cost them not only the disrespect of their own people but also the humiliation worldwide. During the early months of the war Britain suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Boers. Britains underestimation of the capabilities of the Boers is shown in their failure to ensure that adequate troops and essential supplies of food and ammunition were ready in time for the conflict. The dispatchment of Lord Roberts (Hero of the Indian Mutiny) and Lord Kitchener (Hero of Sudan) was a positive move. It worked so well that by June 1900 British forces were moving swiftly towards victory. Johannesburg and Pretoria had been occupied and Kruger had fled to Europe. The term used in the press that summer was that Britain had been victorious over the bloody Boers. Lord Kitchener and Roberts had retuned. In October 1900 the Unionist government staged the Khaki elections and were victorious over the liberals. It was then to become apparent that the celebrations were premature; the Boers had headed for the countryside where they prepared to fight using guerrilla tactics. By 1901 the Boers had invaded Cape Colony. This provoked Lord Kitchener to return to put them in their place. Kitcheners impact on the Boer war from here on can be described as disastrous in the effect it would happen on the British Empire. His tactics were a huge political blunder and caused massive controversy. His scorch the earth policy, which basically consisted of the burning of farms, crops and villages was outrageous and evil. He used barbed wire fences to divide the country into zones and collected the civilian population into concentration camps. His treatment of them here was appalling and provoked much anger and debate back in Britain where even the most empire loving Englishmen were aghast with his methods. Once the news of the horrors of the concentration camps got back to England it cause massive debate. Pro-Boer liberal MPs were the first to realise Kitcheners blunder in herding women and children into so-called camps of refuge. On the 1st March Lloyd George quoted a Reuters report that correctly described 2 ration scales at the camp. MPs such as John Ellis and C.P Scoot attacked his policy also and they were the ones to borrow the ominous phrase concentration camps from the Spanish who used reconcentrado camps to deal with Cuban guerrillas, and first to give it to the situation. The opponents of the government took a religious and humanitarian tone. The Liberals sent Emily Hobhouse to South Africa to give a report of the conditions. Her report concluded that the army have no humanity and her descriptions of 12 prisoners having to share a small tent and there being no soap, toilets and meagre rations had led the majority to agree with many soldiers that the war was a gigantic mistake . When the British realised the negative reaction to policy adopted by Kitchener to deal with the Boers they offered à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3 million compensation to restore what had been destroyed. A staggering 63,000 claims were received from Boer farmers. This gesture failed to justify the barbaric conduct of Kitchener and his people. The British people accepted peace at Vereeninging without much display of emotion they were more relieved that the humiliation was over. After all 20,000 British lives had been lost and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 million had been exhausted for the cause. Despite these outrageous figures the Boers had lost more. Something in the region of 7,000 men in the war, 28,000 women and children in concentration camps and more than 14,000 blacks. Therefore there were no wild scenes in Trafalgar Square as usually demonstrated on such occasions as victory in a war. The European rivals Germany and France had witnessed the humiliation which one historian refers to as Britains Vietnam. Britain felt dangerously isolated. The occasion failed to provoke public excitement especially that from Empire-minded Englishmen who would rather forget how the two states, Orange Free State and the Transvaal were acquired. The press, which is often representative of public mood, encouraged people to believe war was for cause of Uitlanders and in H.F.Wyatts opinion the majority of working class also had this view. Socialist press depicted the situation in typically negative accusations towards capitalism and imperialism. There view war that the war was fought so that the government may protect its investments abroad and its was the fault of Joseph Chamberlain who they refer to as an unscrupulous minister and the unscrupulous propagandist Milner. One soldier commented Its the worst war ever and all for Gold mines. This shows that the average person was not confident in the motives for the war and because of this didnt agree with it. Rival foreign nations who had respected Britains peaceful attitudes were now appalled by them. German press emphasised this as the German chancellor, Von Bulow said that Britains treatment of prisoners was brutal and inhuman and the general international view was that Britain was a bully of women and children, and a very inefficient one at that. British people at this time were incredibly patriotic people but after this they could not help but feel ashamed and embarrassed by the dreadful tactics used by their country in their treatment of the Boers. The Boer war damaged the unionist government. Alfred Milner refused to accept responsibility but in 1904 when he agreed with the Rand millionaires to import Chinese labourers to work in South African mines it confirmed the view that war was fought over the gold mines. The British government was more concerned with wealth then rights of Uitlanders. There greed had damaged their image as the righteous and honourable government. The Boer war was an even greater shock to British opinion and virtually brought to an end the brief popular enthusiasm for empire building, which had found expression in the jubilee celebrations of 1897. The war led to the emergence of an anti-imperialist group. Before war empire was seen as a benign force, which would bring civilisation to underdeveloped societies and was appreciated by all types of peoples. After the Boer war imperialism became filled with maverick politicians, capitalist cliques and methods of barbarism. It also became less accepted and those that did accept it were usually thought of as strongly right-winged Conservatives. J. A Hobson says that the imperialists had jeopardised the entire wealth of the nation in rousing strong resentment of other nations for no real gain. His view that the empire was a drain on British resources and was not helping the average British man was widely embraced. The war brought an end to Britains splendid isolation. Its vulnerability had been shown and it now needed friends and had created enemies. As the Boer war revealed the weaknesses of the British Anglo-German relation also deteriorated. British press began to focus less on the Boer war and the issue of the bloody Boers and more on typical propaganda against the Germans using terms such as wild Kaiser. The emphasis on imperial expansion and the great benefits on empire had been reduced. Instead emphasis was placed on the potential threat posed by Germany. Britain insecurity in itself was shown when Boy Scout and Girl Guide movements to encourage military standards in children. British defence was critically analysed after the war and considerable changes had been made. There was considerable re-planning on home defence issues as well as foreign protection of the empire. Things like food and ammunition supplies which had failed to operate efficiently during the Boer war were looked at closely. Free school meals and medical examination in schools were set up. This as well as the setting up of the Territorial Army (TA) to defend Britain in an invasion showed British fear in response to the failure of the Boer war. The concessions showed that the British had felt the negative impact of the Boer war and it had shaken them up and forced them to consider seriously thinking about their safety. Britain was a nation that was thought of as a policeman it was a defender of the weak. After the Boer war and especially the concentration camps that had been used Britain had lost its credibility and the power it once had to give moral lectures. Britain was once a good example to the world, after the Boer war it was still an example but of what not to do and how not to treat other nations.

An analysis of Colonialism

An analysis of Colonialism Colonialism can be defined as a means by which a superior nation takes over the financial and radical affairs of a country usually through forceful means. It can also be defined as the strategy or training of gaining full or partial political control of another country. Colonialism can either be physical (military) or emotional (civilizing). Physical in the sense that military efforts are highly needed in other to attain full political control of a country and psychological whereas the colonizers need to be civil with the colonies if their mission is to be successful. The concept of colonialism has some advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are stated thus: Firstly, colonialism brought about education to the colonies. Before the coming of the whites to Africa or any other colonized country or continent, the people did not know how to read or write, all they ever knew was to go hunting, fishing and other agricultural activities, and this was the normal or everyday routine of the people from generations to generations. But after the coming of the whites, they brought the western education which after a long struggle and fights between the whites and the colonies, the colonies finally started sending their children to school which made a radical change for the colonies and as a result of that, there was organization and people started becoming literate. Also, the slaves that were taken as a result of colonialism to the white land, majority of them were trained in many aspects and this has increased the technical know-how of the slaves worldwide. Technical know-how in the sense that, the technical acquaintance of the slaves increased, for instance, slaves who have masters that are scientists, or into invention of mechanical accessories definitely grabbed some of the methods of invention after helping their masters. Also, other slaves that are doing the day to day job in houses that is, doing the house boy/ house girl jobs learn more about the hygiene factors and balance dieting etc. Secondly, colonialism brought about the abolishment of some barbaric acts between the colonies that is, in ancient African societies were they believe in idol worshipping, there was a belief that if a child was born, and dies that moment, he or she was regarded as an evil child and buried in the evil forest for the evil spirit to take the child. Also, colonialism exposed the killing of twins as a primitive and horrific practice and it stopped in the name of the colonizers. Also, there was the issue of human being sacrifice that was done to appease the Gods when something or a disaster has happened and the chief priest goes to the traditional head of the society and gives a name of a citizen in the society and says he or she must be sacrificed before things become normal once again. All these were barbaric acts that after the coming of the whites into the African societies, they saw it as barbaric and an abuse of human right so after gaining control of the societies either directly or indirectly, all these acts were abolished. Thirdly, colonialism was just an undercover name because most of the whites had a motive which was missionary that is, to preach Christianity to the black people. This was a major move to end the idol worship by the whites and it gained support because most of the people were tired of the human sacrifices in their societies to appease the Gods. So immediately Christianity was introduced, the idol believers started going for it which helped immensely to reduce the barbaric acts of the idol worshippers. For instance, in the ancient Igbo communities before colonialism, they all believed in idol worship and as a result of colonialism, they all changed their faith. Moreover, colonialism brought about equality amongst the people being colonized that is, in ancient primitive societies, women were not allowed to make decisions regarding any aspect in the society, all they were ever expected to do was to remain the house wives and satisfy their husbands and that was it. But as a result of colonialism, women were allowed to make decisions, participate in the politics, also sit in council with chiefs for the societal decision making and this was a major advantage of colonialism. Furthermore, colonialism brought about organization in the government of the colonies and advancement from the traditional rulers to a firm governmental structure such as the civil service which created more job opportunities rather than just serving the traditional heads. It also brought about democracy because the appointment of the head of government involved the people choosing who they wanted otherwise known as voting. The monarchs were only ceremonial heads and their method of ruling was dictatorial in nature because like in the Hausa pre-colonial era,the emirs were believed to be the spiritual heads and very close to Allah, so, every decisiontaken by the emirs whether right or wrong was obeyed by the citizens with no objection. This led to some dictatorship and abuse of power by the emirs. But as a result of colonialism, all this reduced to a minimum level because the rulers only became ceremonial heads while the presidents elected were the ones with real governmental powers o therwise called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“head of governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Colonialism, also has some disadvantages which are stated thus; Firstly, colonialism led to economic exploitation by the whites because they gained more from the raw materials and minerals gotten from Africa than the Africans. They made the Africans do the job of mining the minerals then send the minerals to their own country and harness them into finished products but the Africans do not get anything from it. And this was a major set back in colonialism because it exploited the colonies. Also, the white officers enforced taxes on their colonies which the Africans were not used to, and it led to some unrest in the colonies, for instance, the Aba Women Riot of 1929 was as a result of the imposition of tax in the eastern part of Nigeria which led the women to start rioting and it led to serious killings among the people and the whites. Colonialism lead to discrimination and lack of respect and maybe racism, discrimination in the sense that the blacks were treated as savages and of no worth. The whites felt superior to them because they saw how primitive the stage of the blacks was and feeling of superiority arouse, which made the colonizers oppress the blacks racially. Thirdly, there was a lack of admirationfor the African tradition which for instance, in the French colonial system of colonization, the policy of assimilation was a policy that wanted to change the whole African culture of their colonies. This was because they did not haverespect for African culture and tradition. That is why they neglected it and wanted to transform it absolutely. Also, the colonizers came with a task to change the sacred views of their colonies. So because of this, Christianity was enforced on major colonies even in Nigeria, the southern part of Nigeria were thought these beliefs. Moreover, the colonizers brought a system of management which was unacquainted for the people of the colonies. The British brought an indirect system of government which the people were not accustomed with. The southern part was not familiar with the indirect system which did not do so well. The people and old-fashioned heads found it difficult to cope with even the colonizers did not find it alright. It was only effective in the northern part which was more monocratic in nature. In conclusion, colonialism conveyed a lot of variations to civilization of the colonies and also did some harm too. But in general we can say that it has more benefits than the detriments which made it successful. With this I can say that colonialism is one of the best thing that has ever happened to man.

Reputation in Beowulf Essay -- Anglo Saxon Literature

The famous poet James Russell Lowell once said, â€Å"Reputation is only a candle, of wavering and uncertain flame, and easily blown out, but it is the light by which the world looks for and finds merit† . Reality stresses the importance to be more concerned with personal character than self reputation, because character beholds who you really are, while your reputation is merely what others perceive. The epic of Beowulf, written in Old English, describes the adventures of a great Scandinavian warrior of the sixth century. Having an outstanding reputation was an important aspect of life, and in the world of Beowulf it was no different. Having a good name is the same as immortality because the name will be placed in history and will be forever remembered. When introducing himself to the Danes, Beowulf was sure to mention his achievements such as the slaying of a tribe of giants and how he had driven away countless enemies from his homeland. In his eyes, personal reputation is the most valuable possession as he took what ever means necessary in order to build a handsome repituar. After Grendel’s mother seeks him out to exact revenge for the crime that she believes that he has committed against her, he sees this as an opportunity to further his reputation. The definition of justice in terms of Grendel’s mother is to seek out the one who is responsible for the death of her son and take his life as well. This is a justified reason for her to take revenge. Her only son was taken from her and the line is very thin between her and her son because they perceive events as though they were cursed. Being that t hey are descendants of Cain, the biblical son of Adam and Eve, the brother of Able who Cain believed was blessed by God kills Abl... ...atiently waits because she knows that the same person who slew her son would be coming after her as well. Beowulf’s pursuit of the mother is nothing more than another way to build his reputation because if he had slain Grendel and it got him such recognition, slaying both ogre’s would raise his reputation tremendously thus bringing him even closer to his name being secured on the cover of the history book. Him going after Grendel’s mother has nothing or very little to do with the fact that she is a woman, it however has everything to do with the fame he would get and the respect that would be associated with his name. In conclusion, for Beowulf, the most important thing is reputation and the immortality that goes along with having a reputable name. Having a good reputation ensured that long after you die the birth name will be an official heroic figure in history.

Enigmatic Lights On The Moon :: essays research papers

Enigmatic lights seen on the Moon are a classic example of a Fortean enigma. Called transient lunar phenomena (TLP), they have been a mystery and a source of wonder to skywatchers since the earliest times. And yet, as astronomer Peter Grego points out, despite a wealth of detailed observations we seem no closer to an understanding of what these anomalous flashes are. Not long after the telescope was invented at the beginning of the 17th century, astronomers came to realise that the Moon, our only natural satellite, was not as dynamic a world as the Earth. The dark lunar tracts which early astronomers had somewhat optimistically called "maria" (seas) turned out to be nothing more than deceptively smooth plains of solidified lava. Much to astronomers' disappointment it became apparent that there were no appreciable expanses of water, though the new romantic marine nomenclature was retained, regardless - names like Mare Crisium (the Sea of Crises) and Oceanus Procellarum (the Ocean of Storms) were given in a vain attempt to grant the Moon an air of mystery and excitement. In reality, the Moon's surface appeared solid and unchanging. The Moon possessed no appreciable atmosphere and there were no detectable signs of lunar life; the Church breathed a sigh of relief, having been spared the embarrassment of attempting to explain why the book of Genesis forgot to mention that our sister planet was teeming with the products of DNA. This initial impression of the Moon as being a barren and entirely dead world has been propagated in the astronomical literature ever since Galileo first published his observations in 1610.2 It seems, however, that the Moon has been receiving unjustifiably bad astronomical press for nearly three centuries, for reports of its long-standing status rigor mortis have been greatly exaggerated. Lunar observers (mainly amateurs) have noticed that the Moon's surface is occasionally host to anomalous transient lunar phenomena (TLP) which have assumed a variety of forms, including isolated flashes or pulses of light, coloured glows and obscurations of portions of the lunar surface. Just why the science of astronomy has been unwilling to accept that our satellite occasionally displays obvious signs of activity is almost as big a mystery as TLP themselves. There is no shortage of TLP having been observed by reputable astronomers. William Herschel, one of history's greatest astronomers - he discovered the planet Uranus in 1781 - observed a red glow in the vicinity of the crater Aristarchus on 4 May 1783, at a time when that feature was situated on the unilluminated lunar hemisphere.

Lets Not Forget the Importance of Family Essay -- Research Essays

The Importance of Family My generation is one who emerged from a society of the eighties and through the nineties that has experienced amazing discoveries of countless measures. Over the last twenty years, we have watched our world evolve into a place decorated for its strengths economically. Many of us in the later years of our childhood became members of a group given the name the latchkey kids. Due to the needs of our economy as well as our home lives, both parents found it important to become members of the working class. The American culture of the United States puts a very large emphasis on a person’s sense of individuality. We are told from the time that we are born that we can be whatever we want to be and to set our goals high. Doctors, Lawyers, Teachers are some of the common careers that a young child chooses. They set a path for them to achieve this, and along the way may make sacrifices for this choice of career. They want only the best for themselves and would never dream of selling themselves sort. This very idea of self-sacrifice has sparked a curiosity in my own mind. When you ask a young child what they want to be when they grow up, you expect them to reply with an answer such as a doctor. What if that child said that they just want to be a mommy or a daddy? Do you think that the general feeling for this response would be a positive one? I have often wondered if due to the high emphasis on careers in our society, do people, or more specifically, my generation still consider having a family as important to their future? Or does their future only include their career? I, for instance, am a person of more personal than economic goals. I wanted to see if th... ...d it is comforting to know that my peers are reaching for their goals but not forgetting their personal lives. As with any research, there were limitations. If I had more time, I would have liked to interview and survey persons in my parent’s generation to find if when they were my age, did they feel they would have a family? I did everything that I believe I could to find the truth-value in my research, but I think that to look into the future it would have been beneficial to look at the ones who are already there, meaning our parents. My generation is the future, this I knew before this paper. But what I didn’t know, is that my peers have gone from children wishing to be doctors, to young adults following that path to get there. They haven’t sold themselves short. They have kept their dreams alive, and haven’t forgot the importance of family.

Kylie Kwong- Fusion Food

Fusion cuisine blends the culinary traditions of two or more nations to create innovative interesting dishes. It tends to be more common in French or Asian cooking. Where there is a wider audience for such food. Critics sometimes call it â€Å"confusion cuisine,† arguing that chefs rely on novelty to carry the food, rather than flavour, texture, and presentation. Kylie Kwong’s professional cooking career began with a four-year period as head chef of Sydney's Wockpool, a modern Asian noodle bar and restaurant owned by Neil Perry and Trish Richards. And then from mid-1998 she headed the kitchens of two cafes in Sydney, bills and bills2.In 1999, Kylie went on a life-changing trip to China. Food featured prominently. Over the years, she has been inspired and influenced by some great cooks and food writers, her mother to Alice Waters, Stephanie Alexander, Neil Perry, Stefano and Franca Manfredi, Maggie Beer, Jamie Oliver, Elizabeth David, Richard Olney and Patience Gray. Her cooking style has evolved from living in Australia, where we are able to have access to some of the world's finest produce, including seafood from pure waters, a generous range of Asian fruits, vegetables and herbs, free-range poultry and organically raised beef.Kylie and her business partner Bill Granger, both opened Billy Kwong opened in May 2000, in a narrow shopfront on cosmopolitan Crown Street in Surry Hills, Sydney. They have been inspired by the idea of re-creating a traditional Chinese eating house. Before the doors open each night the room is filled with the buzz of our intense daily ritual. There is fresh food stacked on every surface, awaiting preparation and cooking; there is a large vase of flowers in the centre of the kitchen bench; there is a steel wire stretched across the kitchen, where food orders are pegged during service. The tiny kitchen is the engine room of Billy Kwong and I feel most at home here’ (Kylie Kwong, 2013) At billy Kwong they use locally g rown, organic and biodynamic fruit and vegetables, poultry, meat and noodles. Most of the soy sauces, sugar, vinegar and oils that are used to flavour our food with are organic, as well as organic products they use Fair Trade tea and Fair Trade chocolate. http://www. kyliekwong. org/default. aspx

Ap World History Ch 20

Chapter 20 Study Guide The Muslim Empires The following terms, people, and events are important to your understanding of the chapter. Take notes over the concepts listed below answering the following questions for each concept: Who? (when needed) Where? , What? , Why? , How? , and historical significance. Definitions are not sufficient. Definitions alone will earn a daily grade no higher than 50%. OttomansMehmed IIJanissariesVizierSafavid DynastySail al-Din (Saladin) Red HeadsIsma’ilChaldiran Shah Abbas the Greatimamsmullahs IsfahanNadir Khan AfsharMughal Dynasty BaburHumayanAkbar Din-i-IlahiTaj MahalNur Jahan AurangzebJahangirShah Jahan Further notes need to be taken on the Following AP World History Themes and Skills Theme 1: Interaction between humans and the environment: (Population patterns and impacts of disease, Migrations, Patterns of settlement, Technology)Theme 2: Development and interactions of cultures: (Religions, Belief systems, philosophies, ideologies, Science and technology, Arts and architecture) Theme 3: State building, expansion and conflict: (Political structures and forms of governance, Empires, National and nationalism, Revolts and revolutions, Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations) Theme 4: Creation, expansion and interaction of economic systems: (Agricultural and pastoral production, Trade and commerce, Labor systems,Industrialization, Capitalism and socialism) Theme 5: Development and transformation of social structures: (Gender roles and relations, Family and kinship, Racial and ethnic constructions, Social and economic classes) Key Questions: Answer the following questions with your best AP effort. 1. What were the similarities and differences of the three Muslim Empires (Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals)? 2. What were the causes of the Ottoman decline in the 17th Century? 3. What weaknesses were common to all of the Muslim Empires? Ap World History Ch 20 Chapter 20 Study Guide The Muslim Empires The following terms, people, and events are important to your understanding of the chapter. Take notes over the concepts listed below answering the following questions for each concept: Who? (when needed) Where? , What? , Why? , How? , and historical significance. Definitions are not sufficient. Definitions alone will earn a daily grade no higher than 50%. OttomansMehmed IIJanissariesVizierSafavid DynastySail al-Din (Saladin) Red HeadsIsma’ilChaldiran Shah Abbas the Greatimamsmullahs IsfahanNadir Khan AfsharMughal Dynasty BaburHumayanAkbar Din-i-IlahiTaj MahalNur Jahan AurangzebJahangirShah Jahan Further notes need to be taken on the Following AP World History Themes and Skills Theme 1: Interaction between humans and the environment: (Population patterns and impacts of disease, Migrations, Patterns of settlement, Technology)Theme 2: Development and interactions of cultures: (Religions, Belief systems, philosophies, ideologies, Science and technology, Arts and architecture) Theme 3: State building, expansion and conflict: (Political structures and forms of governance, Empires, National and nationalism, Revolts and revolutions, Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations) Theme 4: Creation, expansion and interaction of economic systems: (Agricultural and pastoral production, Trade and commerce, Labor systems,Industrialization, Capitalism and socialism) Theme 5: Development and transformation of social structures: (Gender roles and relations, Family and kinship, Racial and ethnic constructions, Social and economic classes) Key Questions: Answer the following questions with your best AP effort. 1. What were the similarities and differences of the three Muslim Empires (Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals)? 2. What were the causes of the Ottoman decline in the 17th Century? 3. What weaknesses were common to all of the Muslim Empires?

What were the most important 5 environmental facts that you learned for this semester?

1. Business issues and environmental issues can not be separated. The environmental problems that the world faces today can not be completely resolved unless business world becomes a helping force in resolving them. Business world has the social responsibility to help resolve the environmental issues. It is inevitable to indulge corporate world in solving the issues of environment since they are one of the major contributors of the environmental problems in the first place, because industrialization and other forms of product production are caused by human activity. . There is a strong relationship between environmental protection and corporate competitiveness. Hoffman presented two schools of thought: a. the win- win perspective b. the win- lose perspective. Surely, there are disadvantages of environmental protection to the companies’ sense of competitiveness however those environmental programs can also open up to many opportunities and new ideas to these companies. Business should always be more than profit. 3. Environmental issues and problems are sometimes lamented and perceive as a market failure. The issue is sometimes selfishly approach by the corporate world for the purpose of only regulatory compliance. For them, environmental issues are unwanted constraining factors that restrict them to gain more profit. 4. The concept of environmental responsibility challenges the corporations to handle and consume the material resources wisely. The limited choices challenge the business world to be more creative in designing products that will conform to the standards of environmentalism. According to Hoffman, different challenges in developing new products, processes and raw materials in the face of environmental demands are within industries today. 5. Recycling sometimes uses more energy than it saves which make it a questionable environmental strategy. It is more cost effective to look for new products in nature than in the artificial and costly laboratory environment (Hoffman p. 21). That’s why resources must be creatively seek in nature itself without compromising its destruction. In the next 3 years how will you use what you learned in those chapters 1,2,3,4,5 ? As a social responsible individual, it is significant to always reconsider the issues of environment before establishing a business. As for me, business must take into account environmental concerns in addition to business’ and economic progress. One of the values a company should live by is to fulfill their human responsibility to protect the environment for future consumption. The further destruction of the environment if not stop must be prevented. As an educated person who has given the opportunity to learn on how to cope with environmental issues in the corporate world, I have a greater responsibility to adhere to the governmental or internal regulations for the protection of the environment. As for my company, I will create new innovated products derived from environmental activities. I believed that handling environmental issues or concerns are a matter of perspective. It can be viewed as something beneficial that may create many opportunities for business people such as the managers to work on various kinds of environmental strategy. I will indulge myself to environmental activities that will help me acquire knowledge that I could impose to my future employees. Environmental issues must not be taken as a threat to the company’s sense of competitiveness but rather it must be approach in a manner that it will open many opportunities. Environmental as Hoffman stresses should not be regarded as restrictions for market development. Definitely, my business framework and one of my business ethical standards will be a proponent of environmental conservation. Employees and people who will consume my products should be aware as well. If we were to do the class over what information would you like to see included? Almost all the information that a business student needs in regards to the relationship of environmental issues and corporate world has been discussed. However, I would like the class to discuss more on the issues of world ecosystem as capital assets for economic progress. It is significant in my own opinion to further discuss the vital services of ecosystem including the production and innovation of goods to motivate business minded people to indulge themselves in environmental concerns. Also the class should help the future business minded people in terms of fundamental steps in decision making in choosing the best products to establish that will conform to the state’s environmental programs.

The Three Major Religions

The Major Religions Judaism, Christianity and Islamic Humanities 101 August 28, 2010 Strayer University The major religions in the world are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic religions, namely they believe that there is only one God. All three religions believe that this God is the origin and source of all that exists. God cares about the entire creation and desires the well-being of all. God is just and has provided basic rules for our guidance so that we may be good and righteous, according to God's intention. All the major religions of the world have cities that hold special significance to their religion. It may be the home of a religious leader, the birthplace of their god, or the location of an important Temple or shrine. Many of these holy cities are important to more than one religion, which is a little more proof that we're all more alike than we are different. All three religions acknowledge that Moses was a prophet of God. The prophets of Israel and Judah are one of the most amazing groups of individuals in all history. The Islamic faith eagerly awaits the return of the Prophet Jesus born by a miracle of God without a father. The Prophet Mohammed's words give an account of the signs that will precede the coming of Jesus. Through Christianity, the prophets confirmed that God is sovereign over history and is working out His purposes in accordance with an overall plan, sometimes indiscernible, but always in the hands of the Lord. In Judaism, the people saw God's initiative at work in every step of their corporate existence. Yahweh (God) had called Abraham to father a chosen people of destiny. In Exodus, God used the Prophet Moses to affirm His power, goodness, and concern for history The religion's book of revelation, mediated by the prophet, is the Koran. It was not a completely new faith but is the third great monotheistic religion. In Muslim eyes, Mohammed completes a succession of prophets, including Abraham, Moses and Jesus, each of whom refined and restated the message of God. Mecca is a city in Saudi Arabia that is of major religious importance to Muslims. Mecca is the birthplace of the Prophet Mohammed who converted Arabia to Islam. All practicing Muslims accept belief in the ‘Six Articles of Faith’ and are obliged to follow the ‘Five Pillars. ’   They are 1) Muslim profession of faith or shahada, 2) Ritual Prayer or salah, 3) Ritual Prayer or salah, 4) Fasting or sawm, 5) Pilgrimage or hajj. The division between Shia (followers of Ali) and Sunni (followers of the custom of the caliphate) persists to this day. Although both share most of the customs of the religion, Shiites place more emphasis on the guiding role of the imam. About 90% of the world's Muslims are Sunni and about 10% Shia. Muslims prayer five a day. The most important day for them to worship Allah is Friday in the mosque. â€Å"Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic Calendar, is considered as one of the holiest months of the year. It was in 610 A. D. when the prophet Mohammad was said to have received revelations from God that later became Islam’s holy book, the Quran† (Ramadan – The Holy Month ,2010). Christians believe Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem. Bethlehem is a very important city to Christians because it is the place where Jesus was born. â€Å"The Christian life involves a number of different aspects. Among the key ones are fellowship with God Our relationships with others, and Obedience to God's commands and Discipline†( Hedrick, C. 1995). The Christian concept of God as creator holds a middle ground. Christianity conceives of God as One. But it is not an isolated One. Rather, God is a person, who is capable of affecting and being affected by others. This is implicit in the concept of God as Father, which is one of the most characteristic teachings of Jesus. The concept of God as personal ultimately led to the Trinity, which is surely one of the most distinctive. In Christianity their holy book is the bible ( Jewish bible and New Testament). Also their main day for worship is on Sunday in a church, chapel, and cathedral. Judaism is a monotheistic religion which believes that the world was created by a single, all-knowing divinity, and that all things within that world were designed to have meaning and purpose as part of a divine order. There are three branch of Judaism which form a type of lifestyle and beliefs of Jewish individuals. â€Å"Orthodox- Traditionalists who observe most of the traditional dietary and ceremonial laws of Judaism. Conservative- Do not holds to the importance of a Jewish political state, but put more emphasis on the historic and religious aspects of Judaism, doctrinally somewhere between Orthodox and Reform. Reform- The liberal wing of Judaism, culture and race oriented with little consensus on doctrinal or religious belief† (McDowell, J. 1992). Judaism has no dogma, no formal set of beliefs that one must hold to be a Jew. In Judaism, actions are far more important than beliefs, although there is certainly a place for belief within Judaism. In traditional Judaism, God is often perceived as a loving Father who is infinitely majestic with divine power? The central prayer of any Jewish religious service is to â€Å"love God†. Palestine was where Judaism found. The main day for worship is on Saturday in synagogue. Moses was the greatest of the prophets for Judaism and there holy book was Torah ( bible). Comparing the view of God between Islam, Judaism and Christiantaiy would reveal som e similarities but Judaism and Christianity will come closer in doctrine. This is because of the Old Testament. Both Judaism and Christianity reject the Origin of the Islamic faith. These are broad statements in comparing the three but still are general facts. From infancy, Muslims are taught about the oneness of God, hence monotheism. Muslim theology also advocates unity of the human race as one family under God and reject the Biblical teaching of a â€Å"chosen† people. To the Muslim, Allah is the name of God that encompasses all the Holy divine attributes. As in the Jewish faith, Jesus is regarded as a prophet but is rejected as the Holy Son of God. Judaism, at least from a traditional religious sense, draws its belief in a monotheistic existence of God from the Old Testament writings. In traditional Judaism, God is often perceived as a loving Father who is infinitely majestic with divine power. The three religions believe that human beings are the highest creatures here on earth. The three Abrahamic religions believe that God and human beings can and should communicate with each other. By revelation God communicates to people, among which the most important are revelation through prophets. These revelations are recorded in the Holy Scriptures of each religion. While the Holy Scriptures of the three religions are not the very same, nevertheless the younger two religions acknowledge God's truth as found in the previous religions, and encourage respect to the Holy Books. All three religions foster modesty, moderation, and honest work. We are to submit ourselves to the will of God. All three religions closely link religion and morality. Religion is to be manifested by showing concern for the well-being and dignity of others, in a life of service to others, and in personal and social ethical behavior. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity share many salient features. All three of these major world religions posit the existence of a single God, or a monotheistic deity. In Christianity, however, it is held that the single God is possessed of three natures, that of God the Father, the Son , and the Holy Spirit. Despite differences, at their core all three religions share the theme of right living and social interaction based upon it, as demonstrated in the following precepts from each religion: Christianity Thou shall not steal; Thou shall not commit adultery; Honor they mother and father. Islam Religion is based on reward and punishment; be good and you will be rewarded, be bad and you will be punished on the terrible day of reckoning. Judaism Refrain from incest, bloodshed, robbery, injustice and lawlessness, inhuman conduct, and idolatry. All three religions closely link religion and morality. Religion is to be manifested by showing concern for the well-being and dignity of others, in a life of service to others, and in personal and social ethical behavior.