A Brief Biography of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela - 902 Words

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in Mveso, Transkei, South Africa. Nelson Mandela became actively involved in the anti-apartheid kineticism in his 20s, and then joined the African National Congress in 1942. He directed a campaign of placid, nonviolent disobedience against the South African regime and its racist policies. Nelson accommodated as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. NelsonMandela is one of the greatest moral and political leaders of our time. Nelson Mandelas childhood and education were of great importance to his career. Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, into a royal family of the Xhosa-verbalizing Thembu tribe in the South African village of Mvezo, where his father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa (c. 1880-1928), accommodated as chief. Nelson Mandelas mother, Nosekeni Fanny, was the third of Mphakanyiswa’s four wives, who together bore him nine daughters and four sons. Postmortem of his father in 1927, 9-year-old Mandela—then kenned by his birth denomination, a high ranking Thembu regent commenced grooming Rolihlahlas puerile ward for a role within the tribal leadership. Nelson was the first in his family to receive a formal inculcation. He consummated his primary studies at a local missionary school. There, a pedagogia dubbed him Nelson as a component of a prevalent applies of giving African students English denominations. He then attended the Clarkebury Boarding Institute and after that Healdtown, a Meth odist secondaryShow MoreRelatedEssay about Nelson Mandela’s Childhood Defined His Identity3002 Words   |  13 PagesThe life of Nelson Mandela is an interesting example of this ideology. In his case, the connection between childhood and life is special and goes even further than the first instinctive connections that often come to mind. When one examines the interesting details the childhood of Nelson Mandela, one is compelled to conclude that Nelson’s Mandela childhood environment fashioned his politics. In order to understand fully how the childhood environment of Nelson Mandela fashioned hisRead MoreNelson Mandelas Leadership4907 Words   |  20 PagesMANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TITLE PAGE CAUCASUS UNIVERSITY CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS COURSE TITLE: Developing effective leadership skills COURSE CODE: MGS-3211 INSTRUCTOR: Dara Ahmed GROUP PRESENTATION: N1 PRESENTATION TITLE: NELSON MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP GROUP MEMBERS: Tamar Geladze DATE: 6th of June, 2012 12 Page 2 NELOSN MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE PAGE...........................................................................

Gay Dance Clubs Essay example - 4299 Words

The dance club is no longer an exclusive venue drawing together people with similar musical interests. Instead, it has become the commercialized superclub, where profit rather than music is the bottom line. As a space traditionally influenced by homosexuals becomes a major business opportunity, this commercialization has led to the inclusion of gay subcultures within mainstream American society. However, this process has served to reinforce social stigma and stereotypes. The advertising and club environment designed to â€Å"sell† the experience to the gay customer is founded on the overtly sexual club culture of the 1970s and early 80s. On the dance floor the constructed image of the club combines with the inherent sexual and mind-altering†¦show more content†¦In many clubs, the underground days of clubbing past have been replaced with the homogenized superclubs of the present: gigantic, multi-floored venues attracting thousands to listen to the music-makers spin. Go ne too are the days of exclusivity. As club culture has been mainstreamed, entrepreneurs have found the â€Å"new sound† not only revolutionary, but also profitable. Promoters and planners such as gay-circuit guru John Blair offer free membership cards and litter the streets with flyers offering discounts when shown at the door. In the world of the superclub, capitalism and profits shape dance culture. With the popularizing of club culture has come an equal mainstreaming of its components. As Fiona Buckland discusses in her book Impossible Dance: Club Culture and Queer World Making, â€Å"the music of today’s clubs such as garage, hard-house and Hi-NRG imply a historical continuity with gay parties of the 1970s with deep roots in disco† (2002, p. 67). Gay and black influences were a basic part of disco music, explored in Bernard Weinraub’s article â€Å"Here’s to Disco, It Never Could Say Goodbye.† The heritage that once put the music at odds with the more â€Å"straight-white-male† sensibility of the contemporary rock music of the era (Weinraub, 2002) is today a basic piece of the dance scene for straight and gay audiences alike. Now that club culture has become a commodity in the superclub, bought and sold by promoters and club owners,Show MoreRelatedI Am A Same Sex Club1033 Words   |  5 Pagescarry out was attend a same sex club with a same sex friend and to dance. On September 7, 2015 Emily and I, did just that. Emily my heterosexual best friend has an open mind towards new experiences, so I thoughts she would be a perfect candidate. She and I both feel that every human being deserves equality regardless of sex, sexual orientation, identity, or race. When I told Emily about the assignment she was thrilled to be a part of an eye opening experience. The club Emily and I attended was theRead MoreLgbt Diversity And The Lgbt Community1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s society the issues and rights of the LGBT community are very prominent and is a major topic of discussion within politics. LGBT which stands for (Lesbians, Gays, Bisexual, and Trans) encompasses all of those who fall under those categories and those who support the community as well. With the legalization of gay marriage in all 50 states by the U.S Supreme Court the LGBT community is making milestones when it comes to having the same rights as heterosexual couples. With its growing presenceRead MoreIs Dance Music a Subculture or Has it Now Become a Culture in its Own Right?967 Words   |  4 Pages Is Dance Music a Subculture or Has it Now Become a Culture in its Own Right? Classically subcultures define themselves as other and subordinate to the dominant culture. Many cultural theorists such as Stuart Hall and Dick Hebdige have been chiefly concerned with the ways in which subcultures subvert and pose a resistance to the established order through their expressive dress codes and rituals. Dance music seems to depart from these theories of youth cultureRead MoreWhy Are Both Public and Private Interests within Cities Becoming Increasingly Supporting of Creating a Gay Space?1026 Words   |  5 Pagesare both public and private interests within cities becoming increasingly supportive of the creation of â€Å"gay space†? Based on the public interest, â€Å"gay space† is important to support creative and high-tech industries. San Francisco, Washington, and San Diego, are all designed as high-tech areas in United States. According to Harvard University economist Edward Glaeser’s statistical analysis, gay workers do a better job than heterosexual (?) individual (Gates Florida, 2002). Thus, creating diversityRead MoreThe story of Tony Manero Essay1886 Words   |  8 Pagesdisco found a strong audience with the gay community. Gay-oriented bathhouses like New York’s Continental Baths were some of the first venues where disco tracks were spun. With this growing popularity, disco became more than a genre; it generated its own lifestyle. While disco music manifested itself in the heart of this growing lifestyle, it can be explored through â€Å"kinds of dancing, club, fashion, film-in a word, a certain sensibility, manifest in music, clubs and so forth, historically and culturallyR ead MoreMy Experience With Formal Training1504 Words   |  7 Pagesthat much. We didn’t do any dances native to our heritage of Ireland, Scotland, Germany, Italy, and France. Even though there are many rich dances from each of these cultures, my family never partook in them aside from the occasional funky chicken at weddings and parties, but even then we weren’t much into dancing. I never thought about formal training in dance when I was little either. It wasn’t until much later when I found my way into dance. My introduction into dance was less through my familyRead MoreClubbing Culture1415 Words   |  6 PagesCLUBBING CULTURE Nowadays, night clubs are very famous in all over the world especially among teenagers. There is a night club in every part of the country. Today, teenagers prefer to hang out in a pub or a night club rather than just go to the cinema and chill out in a cafà © with their friends. Recently, partying at a club is regarded as a hobby for the rich. For example, the Hollywood famous jet set people; Paris Hilton and Nichole Ritchie. They go to the club almost every night. Clubbing alsoRead MoreThe Art Of Drag And Female Impersonation1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ) communities. In New York City during the 1950’s, the LGBTQ communities embraced drag, and female impersonation in underground competitions and celebrations called balls. Here gay men and transgender people would dress in elaborate costumes, and couture outfits in order to live fantasies of superstardom, to win locally renowned titles such as: Butch queen, Realness, or Eleg anza. Until the 1980’s, drag remained an underground â€Å"gay† performanceRead MoreEssay on The History and Context of Club Culture1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe History and Context of Club Culture History is hard to know because of all the hired bullshit, but even without being sure of history it seems entirely reasonable that every now and then the energy of a whole generation comes to a head in a long fine flash, for reasons that nobody really understands at the time, and which never explain, in retrospect, what really happened (Hunter.S.Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas) The late 1980s sawRead MoreDrug Use Among Young Adults1017 Words   |  5 PagesClub Drug Use Among Young Adults The terrifying level according to which drug misuse has turned into a part of daily life for hundreds of thousands of youngsters has been a topic of interest among many scholars. Many youths often begin familiarizing with drugs at an age as early as 11 years. By the age of 16, almost one in ten boys is habitually engaging in drugs, comprising heroin and cocaine with the figures for girls nearly as high, rendering to a ground-breaking research. The study Typology

Stephen Fuller Austin A Texan Hero - 1400 Words

Stephen Fuller Austin: A Texas Hero (1793-1836) It was November 3rd, 1793 in Wythe County, Virginia when Stephen Fuller Austin, son of Moses Austin, known as The Father of Texas was born. Austin attended school in Connecticut as a child and graduated from Transylvania University in Kentucky. In 1813, Austin was elected to the Legislature of Missouri and was reelected to that same position for three years until he moved to Arkansas. He was chosen as judge of the judicial district of Arkansas. He planned to go to Louisiana to study law, but decided to join his father in his journey. On a journey to Missouri, Austin s father was struck with a pneumonia. When†¦show more content†¦However at the same time, he imposed a fee that permitted the Baron de Bastrop to charge one hundred twenty-seven dollars per four thousand four hundred and twenty-eight acres of land. Austin made a meeting with Bastrop to divide the fee amongst the two of them. Peace between state and federal authorities was necessary for the success of the colonies. He opposed the efforts and defeated the hopes of Haden Edwards bringing colonists into the Fredonian Rebellion and led the militia from Brazos and Colorado to help Mexican troops in taking it down. By 1830, Austin s variety of colonies consisted of sixteen thousand people, and other, less successful, had recruited many, many more. It became much harder for Austin to restore his leadership to them. However, the quick development of the colonies, along with efforts of the United States to buy Texas, increased the nerves and anxiety of Mexican leaders. Their tries to attempt to safeguard the territory by stopping immigration continued conflict and led to revolution and independence. The Law of April 6, 1830, incorporated the Mexican policy of stopping further colonization of Texas by settlers from the United States. By intelligent and a bit unpleasant interpretation, Austin ensured exemption andShow MoreRelatedMoving West : The Western Frontier Essay2220 Words   |  9 PagesSettlement in Texas Stephen Fuller Austin Empresario He was a land developer He convinced mexican gov’t that he could create a buffer on the north frontier between Comanches and Mexican settlements Tejanos = Hispanics Anglos or Texians = White settlers The Texas War For Independence Mexicans worried about behavior of Americans living in tx Outlawed any more immigration from US Santa anna imprisoned in Austin 1834 When he was released 18 mnths later, austin told texas to revolt 1835 Texans did what Austin

Scalability Problem of the Bitcoin Technology-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the scalability problem of the bitcoin technology. Answer: Introduction The Bitcoin payment act as a platform for virtual currency over the internet. The lightning network is a decentralized system for high-volume micropayments for removing the risk of delegating custody of funds to the third party. However, there are various problems with this technology including scalability problem. This report deals with identifying problems in the Bitcoin technology. The scalability problem of Bitcoin technology has been described in the report. This report outlines the solution to scalability problem of Bitcoin technology. Lightning Network has been described in the report as the solution of scalability problem prevailing in Bitcoin technology. Bitcoin Block chain Scalability Problem The Bitcoin acts as a payment platform for world currency transactions. However, each node of bitcoin network knows every single transaction globally that helps in encompassing network for global currency transaction (Seigneur, D'Hautefort Ballocchi, 2017). The payment using Visa is approx. 45,000 peak transaction per second on a network. However, bitcoin allows 7 transactions per second with a 1-megabyte block limit. On an average of 300 bytes per bitcoin transaction for unlimited block size, it is equal to peak Visa transaction volume of 45000/tps and nearly to 8 gigabytes per bitcoin block (Roos et al., 2017). For achieving higher than 45,000 transactions per second using Bitcoin, conduction transaction off the bitcoin is required. Different micropayments are sent parallel between two parties for enabling any size of payments. Bitcoin has to resolve the issue related to block size centralization affects containing large blocks implicitly and creating trusted custodians for higher fees (Croman et al., 2016). A network of micropayment channels can solve scalability Recently, bitcoin has dominated to micropayments for implementing offloading transaction to a custodian. The third party custodians hold coins and update user balance by allowing deposits and withdrawals (Poon Dryja, 2015). Currently, the bitcoin services are using custodian model for native bitcoin to scale to billions of users. Therefore, a system has been proposed for a transaction in Bitcoin in micropayment channels without custodial risk of theft (Eberhardt Tai, 2017). Micropayment channels create a relationship between two opted parties. A large network of channel all bitcoin users are included in the graph that has only one channel in bitcoin blockchain (Poon Dryja, 2015). This helps in creating near infinite amount of transaction inside the network. Hashedlocked Bidirectional Micropayment Channels Micropayment channels help in permitting deferral transaction rate or broadcasting of time. The contracts that are enforced by developing responsibility for a single party for the broadcasting transaction before a deadline (Lin Liao, 2017). When block chain is decentralized, time stamping system using of clocks as an element for decentralizing consensus detaining validity of data. Chaining together of micropayment channels help in creating transaction oaths. These paths can be routed by using a BGP like a system (Lind et al., 2017). Hashed Timelock Contract (HTLC) An HTLC can be opened by building a transaction output that can only the final recipient is able to redeem. The recipient generates random information R and hashes R using hash for producing H (Croman et al., 2016). However, information is provided to a receiver to a sender of funds including bitcoin address of the recipient. After receiving updated transaction in micropayment channel, a recipient may select for redeeming transaction by approaching random data R. A contract is created by using this output script: OP_DEPTH 3 OP_EQUAL OP_IF OP_HASH160 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_0 2 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIG OP_ELSE OP_0 2 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIG OP_END The result is accomplished with hash and the first signature of the parties are provided excluding both parties second signature (Burchert, Decker Wattenhofer, 2017). After that, two sets of keys from among participants are used for enforcing ability for broadcasting under lock time transaction. The Settlement Transaction is used by a Settlement Delivery Transaction (SD) that helps recipient in event input R can be produced on contractual basis (Engelmann et al., 2017). Figure 1: Transaction channel and signatures (Source: Eyal et al., 2016) Closing out a channel When both parties send any payments to their counterparty and funds are available inside a channel. In many cases, not all outputs from the Funding Transaction are never broadcasted on the blockchain (Miller et al., 2017). This helps in receiving funds from both parties immediately (Poon, Team, 2017). Different channels remain in perpetuity until they help in deciding cooperatively closing out transaction by Revocation Delivery transaction. Conclusion It can be concluded that the use of the Bitcoin has limited problems in a transaction of a large amount of money all over the world. A digital currency that helps in resolving problems in a transaction and providing safe money transaction. However, some problems have raised with this method. The scalability problem has been prevailing in the Bitcoin technology. There have been many modifications n the algorithm of the bitcoin technology to resolve this scalability problem. The lightning network has somehow able to resolve this problem in the market. Recommendations It is recommended that use of lightning network have to be enhanced in mitigating scalability problem in Bitcoin. Tumble Bit: Tumble Bit works on the same protocol of Bitcoins without any change in it. Tumble Bit payment gateway helps in a transaction through a Tumbler. A bitcoin payment hub is a system for allowing users to make use of blockchain network in the same security module. The use of the Tumble Bit might help in securing security protocol of Bitcoin. It might help in closing off the gateway after one transaction that secures the transaction time (Eyal et al., 2016). The Tumble Bit is independent of timestamp protocol. Therefore, the time dependency is removed from bitcoin technology. It will replace on-blockchain payments by off-blockchain puzzle solving. However, Tumble Bit is an evolving project in the world. The Tumble Bit Project might help in ensuring the privacy of the lightning network by performing cross-chain trading. Trusted Execution Environments (TEE): These are unique forms of isolated and secure processing environments. However, TEE rely on Intels Software Guard Extensions (SGX) used to build guarantee secure remote computation. TEE will provide security by restricting reuse private keys of spent coins for a single transaction. Therefore, it might help in reusing of blockchain based cryptocurrencies. References Burchert, C., Decker, C., Wattenhofer, R. (2017, November). Scalable Funding of Bitcoin Micropayment Channel Networks. InInternational Symposium on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems(pp. 361-377). Springer, Cham. Croman, K., Decker, C., Eyal, I., Gencer, A. E., Juels, A., Kosba, A., ... Song, D. (2016, February). On scaling decentralized blockchains. InInternational Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security(pp. 106-125). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Croman, K., Decker, C., Eyal, I., Gencer, A. E., Juels, A., Kosba, A., ... Song, D. (2016, February). On scaling decentralized blockchains. InInternational Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security(pp. 106-125). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Eberhardt, J., Tai, S. (2017, September). On or Off the Blockchain? Insights on Off-Chaining Computation and Data. InEuropean Conference on Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing(pp. 3-15). Springer, Cham. Engelmann, F., Glaser, F., Kopp, H., Kargl, F., Weinhardt, C. (2017). Towards an Economic Analysis of Routing in Payment Channel Networks.arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.02597. Eyal, I., Gencer, A. E., Sirer, E. G., Van Renesse, R. (2016, March). Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol. InNSDI(pp. 45-59). Eyal, I., Gencer, A. E., Sirer, E. G., Van Renesse, R. (2016, March). Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol. InNSDI(pp. 45-59). Lin, I. C., Liao, T. C. (2017). A Survey of Blockchain Security Issues and Challenges.IJ Network Security,19(5), 653-659. Lind, J., Eyal, I., Kelbert, F., Naor, O., Pietzuch, P., Sirer, E. G. (2017). Teechain: Scalable Blockchain Payments using Trusted Execution Environments.arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.05454. Miller, A., Bentov, I., Kumaresan, R., McCorry, P. (2017). Sprites: Payment Channels that Go Faster than Lightning.arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.05812. Poon, J., Dryja, T. (2015). The bitcoin lightning network. Poon, J., Dryja, T. (2015). The bitcoin lightning network: Scalable off-chain instant payments.Technical Report (draft). Poon, J., Team, O. (2017). Decentralized Exchange and Payments Platform. Roos, S., Moreno-Sanchez, P., Kate, A., Goldberg, I. (2017). Settling Payments Fast and Private: Efficient Decentralized Routing for Path-Based Transactions.arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.05748. Seigneur, J. M., D'Hautefort, H., Ballocchi, G. (2017). Use case of linking a managed basket of fiat currencies to crypto-tokens. InFirst Meeting of the ITU Focus Group on Digital Currency including Digital Fiat Currency.