Abuse in Childhood Common Among Alcohol Addicts

The article â€Å"Abuse in childhood common among alcohol addicts, study finds† by Shari Roan presented in Los Angeles Times in March 15, 2012 dwells upon the research results devoted to the number of alcohol addicted who were abused in childhood. The article states that about a quarter of men and 33% of women who suffered from alcohol addiction were abused while childhood. It is significant that 12% of men and 49% of women reported about the cases of sexual abuse.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Abuse in Childhood Common Among Alcohol Addicts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the article also refers to the cases when people suffer from different kinds of abuse in childhood which may result in developing depression and other psychiatric disorder. Suicide is one of the consequences of the childhood abuse. Therefore, the research results presented in the article prove that most of those who suffer f rom alcoholic dependence were abused in childhood. The violence, childhood physical abuse, and parental neglect concept presented on page 381 of the textbook is closely related to the article under consideration. Dwelling upon the impact of the violence and abuse during childhood, the connection with the further disabilities and disorders is obvious. Explaining this dependence, the scientists are sure that those children who were violated during the childhood get used to the stress for their bodies and mental systems. Moreover, the organism produces too much hormone cortisol which impacts adults mood and memory abnormality when children grow up. Additionally, those people who have been abused while the childhood are more subjected to constant depression. Having grown up the condition of the constant depression, this condition remains in the adulthood and people are to cope with it. Alcohol is considered as one of the ways for people to overcome their present condition. The ideas pre sented on the 173rd page of the textbook offer the idea that people drink to increase their sociability. Referencing to the problem of the childhood abuse, it may be confirmed that those children who are constantly abused at home do not have close relationships with their peers and when they grow up the problem remains. Such children are unable to communicate with others as all they were afraid of dealing with people while childhood. Therefore, the desire to communicate with others, to find friends and become sociable is the reason for alcohol addiction. However, this desire is provoked by the childhood violence and trauma. Dealing with the problem of alcohol addiction caused by the abuse in childhood, it is important to refer to a number of psychologists. First of all, one should use the services of the behavioral neuroscience psychologist to make sure that the hormone processes are corrected and a person is ready for psychological assistance of another specialist.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Developmental and social psychologists are important in this case in many reasons. The developmental psychologists are going to consider the development of people across the entire lifespan to make sure that the reasons and the consequences of the alcohol addiction are solved. Moreover, the possibility to follow the physical, emotional, and social development of the person during his/her life may help understand the reasons for alcoholism better. The social psychologists is useful for understand how the environment and people who were near a person impacted his/her present condition. This may help understand the reasons of alcohol addiction and the ways to solve the problem. This essay on Abuse in Childhood Common Among Alcohol Addicts was written and submitted by user Daniela Hernandez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Growth of Government in the United States

The Growth of Government in the United States The U.S. government grew substantially beginning with President Franklin Roosevelts administration. In an attempt to end the unemployment and misery of the Great Depression, Roosevelts New Deal created many new federal programs and expanded many existing ones. The rise of the United States as the worlds major military power during and after World War II also fueled government growth. The growth of urban and suburban areas in the postwar period made expanded public services more feasible. Greater educational expectations led to significant government investment in schools and colleges. An enormous national push for scientific and technological advances spawned new agencies and substantial public investment in fields ranging from space exploration to health care in the 1960s. And the growing dependence of many Americans on medical and retirement programs that had not existed at the dawn of the 20th century swelled federal spending further. How Government Has Affected Employment While many Americans think that the federal government in Washington has ballooned out of hand, employment figures indicate that this has not been the case. There has been significant growth in government employment, but most of this has been at the state and local levels. From 1960 to 1990, the number of state and local government employees increased from 6.4 million to 15.2 million, while the number of civilian federal employees rose only slightly, from 2.4 million to 3 million. Cutbacks at the federal level saw the federal labor force drop to 2.7 million by 1998, but employment by state and local governments more than offset that decline, reaching almost 16 million in 1998. (The number of Americans in the military declined from almost 3.6 million in 1968, when the United States was embroiled in the war in Vietnam, to 1.4 million in 1998.) The Privatization of Services The rising costs of taxes to pay for expanded government services, as well as the general American distaste for big government and increasingly powerful public employee unions, led many policy-makers in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s to question whether government is the most efficient provider of needed services. A new word - privatization - was coined and quickly gained acceptance worldwide to describe the practice of turning certain government functions over to the private sector. In the United States, privatization has occurred primarily at the municipal and regional levels. Major U.S. cities such as New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Dallas, and Phoenix began to employ private companies or nonprofit organizations to perform a wide variety of activities previously performed by the municipalities themselves, ranging from streetlight repair to solid-waste disposal and from data processing to management of prisons. Some federal agencies, meanwhile, sought to operate more like private enterprises; the United States Postal Service, for instance, largely supports itself from its own revenues rather than relying on general tax dollars. Privatization of public services remains controversial, however. While advocates insist that it reduces costs and increases productivity, others argue the opposite, noting that private contractors need to make a profit and asserting that they are not necessarily being more productive. Public sector unions, not surprisingly, adamantly oppose most privatization proposals. They contend that private contractors in some cases have submitted very low bids in order to win contracts, but later raised prices substantially. Advocates counter that privatization can be effective if it introduces competition. Sometimes the spur of threatened privatization may even encourage local government workers to become more efficient. As debates over regulation, government spending, and welfare reform all demonstrate, the proper role of government in the nations economy remains a hot topic for debate more than 200 years after the United States became an independent nation. - This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

The Collapse of the U.S.S.R Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Collapse of the U.S.S.R - Research Paper Example Communism as an alternative economic order was argued to have been â€Å"designed to avoid the wasteful and chaotic competition of capitalism and to move the country quickly ttoward industrial development.† (Strayer, 1998, page 6). It was the economy of Soviet Union that had given the material foundation for the country to become victorious in the Second World War. It also viewed as a model of rapid industrial growth for a number of Third World countries. Such was a planned economy which believed in the power of the state to plan and dictate what needs to be produced for users and consumers (Strayer, 1998). This paper will attempt to explain the collapse of USSR as a regime in the light of the experience of other empires, in relation to how ordinary mortals behave and the underlying concepts of communism and alternative economic order of capitalism Soviet was known to have its huge and growing military expertise during the Cold War. However such claims to superpower status were believed to be grounded on breakable and weakening economic foundation as seen in the 1970s and 1980s. This weak economic condition was said to have been caused by an "imperial overstretch". (Strayer, 1998, p.17). Instead of prioritizing its economic needs, USSR needed to join or maintain the race for nuclear and conventional weapons. This was also the reason why USSR made its expensive commitments in Eastern Europe and Third World. This heavy spending was believed to have undermined strongly its domestic consumer economy in the process. The Soviet leadership was aware of the problems of relationship between its international standing and declining economic base and the perception substantially caused the needed reform. Reform efforts in the late 1980s because of these perceived problems in the regime were actually made but they were not enough to prevent the collapse. The failure of communism as

Politics in Modern Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Politics in Modern Art - Essay Example The essay "Politics in Modern Art" investigates politics in modern art. The artistic movement against the polity during the 1960s and 1970s is particularly high in California. Here, there is a striking confluence of political agitation and passionately engaged art. The San Francisco Bay area took the lead role nationally with the foundation of the free speech movement.Then, the state gave birth to the Beat and hippie countercultures, which was responsible for many profound social change across the country. In writing about the contemporary art Peter Selz, Susan Landauer observed: While the civil rights and peace movements grew simultaneously in cities nationwide, California played a significant role in their development. In their wake came the Chicano labor movement in the San Joaquin Valley, the revolutionary Black Panther Party in Oakland, as well as some of the most radical manifestations of gay liberation, Red Power, and environmental activism. All of these activities was accompa nied by an outpouring of political art unmatched elsewhere in the United States. Recent commentary of the subject to date has been made by Richard Candida Smith’s Utopia and Dissent: Art, Poetry, and Politics in California. Candida explored and examined the ideological , socioeconomic and historic roots of both political ferment of the recent times and its artistic expression. He pointed out that many of the values of liberty and dissent taken up by the New Left were first articulated by the community of artists and poets.

Quality 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Quality 2 - Essay Example Earlier most goods and services were produces by the same person to meet quality. Production of a lot of brought many people to work at various production states to ensure quality products. In late 1800s businessmen like Fredrick Taylor and Henry Ford identified major limitation that affected mass production. Taylor instituted quality department that dealt with correcting errors and ensuring quality production whereas Ford traced on standardization quality to ensure all organization produced products fit for human consumption Arnaboldi, M., Azzone, G., Savoldelli, A. (2004). Execution of quality in organization was the duty of quality departments. This mainly did inspection to ensure products were defect free. In the second half of 20th centaury, quality was emerged as a profession and a managerial tool. Over the year's quality developed from simple control to engineering then to system engineering. Later in 1990s quality system emerged these are the quality management system and the total quality management Bryman, A., Stephens, M., Campo, C. (1996). Quality is a depiction of the culture, attitude and ethics of an organization that aims at providing quality services and goods to its customers to satisfy them. The cultural part calls for adoption of quality system aspect in all the operations of an organization, Bryman, A., Stephens, M., Campo, C. (1996). A quality management system (QMS) These are set of rules or policies necessary for planning production of services and products in the business. QMS incorporates various forms of internal processes within the business environment and offers a implementation approach.QMS enables the organization to identify measures, controls an improve the various processes with a business that contributes to prosperity of the organization. In short QMS assists organizations to identify defects and prevent them from happening (Hill Stephen, 1991) Quality management system helps the organization to; accomplish high reliability in the operations they are engaged in including providing quality products or services Decrease high costs of operations. increase competence and sufficient by humanizing the use of time and the available resources identifies and improves customer satisfaction Market the organization to the rest of the world. Discover other areas that they can engage in control growth more efficiently by making it easier to incorporate new employees frequently improve the products, processes and systems Total management quality (TQM) This is the process that ensures the totality of quality management in all departments within an organization. It entails planning, leading, managing and controlling. It called so because it ensures high output and meets the satisfaction of stakeholders including clients, suppliers and even employees, Bryman, A., Stephens, M., Campo, C. (1996). In general TQM aims at; Helping the management to make well informed decision that will help in the overall prosperity of the organization. Help the organization as a whole to meet the needs and desire of the customer by carrying out market research before it embarks on production. Ensuring that there is bottom top problem solving abilities. Participation of all the stakeholders of the organization in the operations to ensure everyone is at per with the organizations performance. Ensures on

Advantages And Disadvantages In Hospitality

Advantages And Disadvantages In Hospitality Hospitality management is both a field of work and a field of study. In the work sense, it refers to management of hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and other institutions in the hospitality . As a field of study, it refers to the study of the hospitality industry and its management needs. People who are interested in careers in hospitality management may opt to pursue it as a field of study so that they can start their careers on solid footing.The hospitality industry is vast and very diverse. Any time people travel, stay in a hotel, eat out, go to the movies, and engage in similar activities, they are patronizing establishments in the hospitality industry. The management of such establishments is very challenging, as managers need to be flexible enough to anticipate and meet a wide variety of needs. They must also handle tasks such as training employees, handling staff, setting standards, and so forth. Question 1 Define the term Hospitality Industry and give examples, advantages and disadvantages of their use in the hospitality industry. Answer Question 1 Hospitality industry is one of the largest industries in both global and national contexts. Hospitality industry is service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, theme park, cruise line, event plan and http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Button_hide.pngadditional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or even an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance, direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, etc.), management, marketing, and human resources. The hospitality industry covers a wide range of organizations offering food service and accommodation. The industry is divided into sectors according to the skill-sets required for the work involved. Sectors include accommodation, food and beverage, meeting and events, ga ming, entertainment and recreation, tourism services, and visitor information. Examples Accommodations Hotels Motels Restaurants Bars Cafes Nightclubs Public houses Restaurants Travel and Tourism Airline Cabin Staff Travel agents Top of Form Bottom of Form Advantages Advantage in the hospitality sector is that there are a lot of entry level positions available. These junior roles can provide candidates with the relevant experience that is vital to career progression within the industry. Some of these roles include jobs like restaurant assistants, Junior Chefs, Receptionists, Bar Staff and Hotel catering staff. These roles offer the potential to progress into management if you work hard and show that you have the necessary skills and experience to take on more responsibility. Moreover, if you do decide to try a new role there is great deals of transferable skills that can be used across several different job roles in the hospitality industry. Employees working in this industry will also have to be prepared to work fairly long hours in some roles in order to prove themselves. For example Chefs and restaurant managers have to work long and sometime unsociable hours. Another advantage to working in the hospitality sector is jobs are available all ove r the country and they are not area specific. Obviously there is a large amount of appealing jobs available in London but there are hotels, restaurants and pubs all over the country. Therefore unless you specifically want to work in the hospitality industry in London then you will not have to relocate to get the job you want. Advantages Hospitality : everywhere, every city in the world requires a tendency for this sector and some G.K. a nice presentable personality a good team work meet new and new people, even they have something in common they want a personal touch good prospect when in the higher position recruit new people and train them mix with similar people like event management etc, dont be driven away by the limelights and glamours change to others for better pays Disadvantages The time factor is perhaps the biggest drawback to creating a blog. Blogs are easy to start but difficult to maintain. Publishing a good blog takes a significant amount of time. Of course, writing takes the most time, but you must also allow time for interacting with your readers.Related to the time factor is the risk of publishing a blog that damages your brands reputation. Fortunately, you can hedge against this by creating publishing guidelines for yourself and whoever is involved with the blog. On the other hand, it can be very dangerous to open your door to strangers for obvious reasons. For those of you who are guileless in your ways, I shall enlighten you to the ways of those that could prove to be a major threat to you if you are a hospitable, good natured person. Such people cannot help but take advantage of those who are vulnerable to them. Answer Question 2 Find out the factors that affecting travel and tourism. Explain in detail. Answer Question 2 Tour operators can be defined as providers and organizers of package holidays. They normally operate by making contracts with transport companies, airlines and hoteliers. After getting the contracts, they advertise assembled holidays. Travel agents are concerned with booking and advising customers. Travel agencies also sell travel related services and products to customers. They do this on behalf of tour companies, hotels, and airlines. Travel agents also deal with local tourists. They carry out travel arrangements for travelers. There are different types of travel agencies; they include Independent agencies, Miniples and Multiples. Tour operators and travel agents have continued to be dominant in the tourism sector. There are potential threats to travel agents to and tour operators especially in the hospitality and tourism sector. A close analysis to the travel and tourism industry shows that one of the potential threats to tour operators and travel agents is change in laws and poli cies. There are laws and policies that travel agents have to adhere to in carrying out their tasks. Every nation has got rules, laws, regulations, policies that directly affect tour guides. There is normally potential threat to tour operators when embassies give advisory policies to citizens not to travel due to factors like terrorism and bombing. When an embassy changes or advises citizens not to travel to a country due to various reasons, this becomes a threat to them because citizens normally adhere to such advice. It results to decrease in tourists and therefore their business actually slows down. Travel guides and tour operators normally help tourists to locate good hotels and tourist sites in the country. There are always instances when travel guides help tourists in locating such services but in the long run the tourists do not receive quality services. Tourists always communicate one to another and therefore this becomes bad publicity. Conclusion Cultural heritage is the essence of tourism in many destination areas worldwide. Every year, millions of people travel to view the Acropolis of Athens, the Colosseum in Rome and many other historic sites of international renown. These sites are of general interest to visitors, even though the visitors probably have no significant ties to the heritage sites that they visit. Although world heritage attractions draw large numbers of international and domestic tourists, for most foreign tourists these sites consist only a small part of a more extensive travel package. These attractions can evoke feelings of admiration, but they probably do not evoke feelings of personal attachment. Visits to historic sites are mostly motivated by the belief that such places (and the objects at these places) are linked to the remote past. In addition, millions of other people engage in travel to experience heritage of a more personal nature; most of the world s historic sites are not internationally known and only relatively few ever attract international tourists, except perhaps in combination with other relevant attractions. For every world renowned cultural attraction, there are hundreds of other not famous sites that are appreciated at a more local basis.

“Eveline” by James Joyce Essay

â€Å"Eveline† is a short story by James Joyce.   Eveline is 19 and standing at a crossroads in her life.   She has a single choice to make as she stands and reflects at the ship dock.   The decision she must make is whether she should go with Frank, her secret soon-to-be husband or stay with her father in the only place she has ever known.   â€Å"Frank was very kind, manly, open, hearted,† (Joyce 45) and offers Eveline a â€Å"new home, in a distant unknown country† (Joyce 44) in Buenos Ayres.   Her father is aging, grumpy, and often threatens violence is she does not do what he says.   Eveline ponders what her duty really is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are several good reasons for Eveline to leave with Frank and get married.   â€Å"Her brothers and sisters were all grown up†, (Joyce 42) and her mother was dead.   Her childhood friends, Tizzie Dun was dead and the Waters had moved back to England.   She is forced to spend her days working in a store making money she must turn over to her father.   She spends her evenings taking care of the house, her father, and two young children. This is not exactly the life she has read about in romance novels or daydreamed about in grade school.   It is hard work and with the knowledge that â€Å"Everything changes† (Joyce 43) she wants to â€Å"go away like the others, to leave her home.† (Joyce 43).   She knows   if she stays, she will stagnate.   She will still be breathing but she will be just as dead as her mother if she chooses to stay.   Frank offers her a life of new adventures and love.   When she is married she will have respect and Frank will not be violent with Eveline as her father was with her mother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As Eveline â€Å"tried to weigh each side of the question† (Joyce 43) she begins to develop a list of reasons why she must stay.   This is the only home Eveline as has ever known.   It is full of   â€Å"familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years† (Joyce 43).   And wonders if she will ever see these things again. Here, with her father, she has food and shelter, and the comfort of the known.   She also fears that the people she knows in town will consider her â€Å"fool† (Joyce 43) when they realize she had run away with a fellow† (Joyce 43).   Her father is old and forgetful, and she worries if he can take care of himself.   The overwhelming reason why she feels it is her duty to stay because of â€Å"her promise to keep the home together as long as she could.† (Joyce 47) to her mother just before she died.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eveline’s relationship with Frank is based solely on hope.   Frank is a sailor who is kind but tells her â€Å"tales of distant countries. He had started as a deck boy at a pound a month on a ship of the Allan Line going out to Canada†(Joyce 46).   And her father warns â€Å"†I know these sailor chaps†Ã¢â‚¬  (Joyce 46).    Is Frank being truthful or is he a typical sailor with a girl in every port.   She hopes that he is telling her the truth because she has no other evidence that he is.   Frank symbolizes escape.   When she reflects on her promise to her dying mother and her subsequent death she thinks to herself â€Å"Escape! She must escape! Frank would save her. He would give her life, perhaps love, too But she wanted to live. Why should she be unhappy? She had a right to happiness. Frank would take her in his arms, fold her in his arms. He would save her.†(Joyce 47).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The question remains for Eveline, will she go with Frank or stay at home.   Of course in the end she decides to stay.   She chooses the known over unknown excitement.   The comfort of stability and a familiar environment far outweighs her desire for a new life, in a new home with new people.   In the end she chooses â€Å"hard work — a hard life — but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life.† (Joyce 45).   â€Å"Eveline† is a story about choice and learning to live with the consequences of that choice. Works Cited Joyce, James. Dubliners. New York: The Modern library, 1954. Questia. 6 Dec. 2005 .